Papers by Keyword: Design Criteria

Abstract: As climate change effect on our daily life is clear, and the awareness of greenhouse gases damages is increased, architects and many developers necessitate green and sustainable buildings design by focusing on energy efficiency, avoiding harmful materials, and taking care of indoor air quality to construct environmentally friend buildings. Also, adopting energy efficiency strategies and renewable energy applications in buildings design generally and particularly in commercial buildings will drop the produced amount of CO₂ emissions, as well as operational emissions and embodied emissions are attributed to the building materials and energy required for construction.This research is proposing energy efficient commercial building design proposal as an approach to green architecture in Egypt. First, commercial buildings impact is studied, then choosing energy simulation tool to assess the solution as DesignBuilder software, the design of commercial building proposal respect the triple bottom line of sustainability, to introduce innovative, efficient and environmental building design respecting users’ needs and achieve high economic value, finally, after simulating the building model in DesignBuilder to reach the highest energy saving and ensure the thermal comfort for users, the design is evaluated by LEED criteria to measure the environmental impact of the building and indicate how this design is successful or not.Finally, this research focuses on proposing a design design cliteria and apply it on designing new commercial buildings to enhance the building performance and being environmentally integrated based on design design cliteria that represent the three major design principles and they are Nature, Culture and Art. Nature for respecting and integrating with the environment, Culture for respecting the location and user’s needs, Art for offering a unique architecture design leave strong mental image impression.

Abstract: Inappropriate plastic packaging design with excessive use of color and printing ink affected to the high cost of sorting, separation and cleaning, and low acceptance level of plastic waste for secondary recycling. This research proposed design for material value conservation which elaborated with a set of design criteria for rigid plastic packaging production as key solution in avoiding value degradation of the plastic waste. The existing design criteria of products have various approach which affected on how to manage abundant plastic waste with no or very low value of materials that has been generated by daily consumption of plastic packaging. Otherwise, the proposed design criteria conserve the material value systematically which make the post use materials of plastic packaging more financially feasible as raw materials in plastic recycling industry. Widespread implementation of the new design criteria in industry will generate broader impact and more benefits in economic, social and environment, especially for countries or regions with high density of people and high consumption rate of conserved products.

Abstract: Chevron concentrically braced frames (C-CBFs) are expected to provide limited ductility in the framework of Eurocode 8: differently from North American codes, lower values of behavior factors are recommended by EN 1998 for C-CBFs than for other concentric bracing configurations (namely diagonal and cross bracings). The research presented in this paper is aimed at revising the design rules and requirements provided for by EN 1998-1 for C-CBFs in order to improve the ductility and the dissipative capacity of this structural system. The proposed design criteria are validated by means of nonlinear dynamic analyses performed on a study case. The results confirm the effectiveness of developed design procedure.

Abstract: In order to improve the mechanical properties of W-type metallic sealing rings used in aviation engine, using ANSYS finite element to analysis the stress distribution. By analyzing the influence on the stress distribution situation with the different outside arm arc lengths of W-type metallic sealing ring, get the relationship curve between the outer arms arc angles and the stress.

Abstract: Mining boundary directly concerns economic benefits, so its design is very crucial. According to the given news about Yunjing mountain limestone such as geographic location,surrounding environment,topography-geomorphology, ore body occurrences , resources reserves and so on, this paper makes a design of mining boundary for Yinjng limestone following the rule that average stripping ratio is less than economic stripping ratio. This design will provide some guidance for the construction and production of the limestone.

Abstract: The main results of a numerical investigation into the effects of interface condition on the critical response and predicted performance of flexible pavements with granular bases are presented. In addition, the influence of using linear elastic and non-linear elastic models for granular base characterization, on the design life of typical road structures with granular bases under various combinations of layer interface conditions is examined. Repeated load triaxial tests are carried out and non-linear regression analyses on tests results are performed to determine the constitutive model parameters. The Asphalt Institute distress models for fatigue cracking and rutting using both linear and non-linear analyses are utilized to estimate the pavement design life. It is shown, among others, that interface condition affects significantly the critical response of pavement structures and hence their predicted performance. Furthermore, the results indicate that the use of linear assumption to characterize granular base and sub-base behaviour, grossly over-estimates the design life of pavement structures. This effect strongly depends on interface conditions used between the pavements layers.

Abstract: Since Ronan Point tower local collapse in UK in 1968, progressive collapse phenomenon in structures attracted more attention for civil engineers all over the world so there were no useful researches and manual codes related to progressive collapse designing before. Progressive collapse occurs when loading pattern, boundary condition and resisting path changed, so critical elements undergo excessive unpredicted loading. We cannot omit reason of collapse as well as prevention of distribution of it that cause progressive collapse. Also, we cannot predict exact location of collapse beginning, so we should generalized design guides to whole or part of structures elements based on risk analyzing. Also we can use load carrying element removal scenario for critical elements. To prevent progressive collapse, structural systems require to having a well-distributed, redundant lateral load resisting system and ductile connections capable of undergoing large inelastic rotations without failing. There are some new guides and criteria for elements and connections to be designed to resist progressive collapse. Depends on required accuracy, importance of the buildings and acceptable risk level, the analysis methodologies ranged from linear to nonlinear with static and dynamic approaches. In this paper, codes and researches recommendations to resist progressive collapse for steel structures are presented, classified and compared. Also, applicable design methods based on codes and some retrofitting methods are summarized.

Abstract: Development of a complicated technical problem encompasses different successive decisions that are based on techical analysis and engineering judgment. In each of these steps, somedegree of non-determinism is inevitable. The paper discusses different types of non-deterministic parameters that may be relevant in different stages of engineering analysis. The entire cycle of development of a product is considered, and it is shown that the relevance of methods isdifferent in different stages of the development cycle. A classification of different types of non-deterministic properties is presented. Based on the nature of these different classes of model properties, it is discussed to what degree each of these fits in the framework of either a probabilistic or a non-probabilistic concept.The availability of realistic data in an appropriate format is another issue that should be taken into account. A validated probabilistic representation is usually only possible after an extensive campaign of data acquisition has been conducted, or at least after suffcient data have been collected to allow for a reliable estimation of a statistical model. A study of scientific literature shows that validated information is not always available. A general conclusion is that probabilistic methods are applicable in later stages of development, when a suffciently large database of product data has been gathered. Probabilistic approaches are perfectly suited for conditions when the product is already in service. Possibilistic analysis on the other hand is best suited for application in cases when the data set about the product at hand is still incomplete.

Abstract: Based on the analysis of application, this paper explains and enriches the design criteria of high-speed gear coupling. New design idea and method of calculating the geometry and parameters are provided respectively according to structure. The strength, lubrication and stability of high-speed gear coupling are simply analyzed.

Abstract: Biofilm is the most common life phenomenon for microorganisms survived in the nature, which has been recognized in recent years. It is stronger, more and more serious harm to cleared comparing with the resistance of phytoplankton microorganisms.The inside and outside surfaces of food machinery and equipment often becomes the important places for biofilm formation due to improper design flaws or cleaning method. Biofilm formation by many sorts of pathogenic microorganisms in food equipments is a serious food security risk but people are not very aware. According to current research progress on biofilm and its effect on food equipments and food safety, safety design criteria for food machinery were proposed based on food safety and hygiene, food processing technology, mechanical design theory, material science and microbial ecology, with the aim to prevent and reduce the harm of biofilms on food machinery and their products, as well as decrease potential hazards in food safety.