Papers by Keyword: Development

Abstract: An effective and ecologically plastic waste (PW) management system that is either directly or indirectly related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and waste to clean energy initiatives like SDGs 7, 11, 12, 13, and 14 can be achieved through the innovative and sustainable process of pyrolysis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a miniature pyrolysis pilot plant developed to manage plastic waste generated in Ovia North-East, Nigeria. The PW utilized in this study was collected daily from residences, businesses, marketplaces, and hospitals. At the collecting location, it was categorized using plastic identification code into PET, HDPE, PVC, LDPE, PP, and PS. A bomb calorimeter (ASTM D 5865-85) was used to experimentally establish the sorted PW's heating value (HV). A thermogravimetric analyzer (SII 6300 EXSTAR, Seiko Instruments) was used to evaluate the mass loss of PW in order to ascertain how its composition varied with temperature and time. After being shredded to smaller pieces, the PW was put into the reactor both independently and in combination. To ascertain the pyrolysis oil yield (POY) from known masses of distinct PWs (0.5 kg, 1.5 kg----5 kg), a performance test was conducted. According to the results obtained, PET PW had the lowest hydrogen carbon (H/C) ratio when compared to other PW samples. The performance of the H/C ratio is arranged as follows: HDPE (0.2034) > LDPE (0.1971) > PP (0.1737) > PS (0.1290) > PVC (0.1278) >PET (0.1188). Additionally, the PWs with the highest heating values used in this study were HDPE (44.57 MJ/kg), LDPE (44.44 MJ/kg), PS (41.22 MJ/kg), PVC (41.01 MJ/kg), PP (44.53 MJ/kg), and PET (22.87 MJ/kg). Besides, the mixed plastic waste stream (MPWs) produces the most pyrolysis oil, although the POY yield potential varies according to the PWs' composition. Furthermore, the least amount of POY was recorded by PVC. The following is the order of the PW POY: MPWs > PS > HDPE > LDPE > PP > PET > PVC. This study has demonstrated that generated plastic waste in Ovia North-East LGA, Nigeria, can be processed into solid char and pyrolysis oil using the developed Miniature Pyrolysis Pilot Plant, thereby protecting the ecosystems, human health, resources, and the climate, which are in line with SDGs 3, 6, 14, and 15.

Abstract: Universal gearmotors with helical gears featuring external gearing certainly do not belong to products whose appearance decisively influences their market success. However, in any case, it is always preferable to see an aesthetically pleasing gearmotor rather than one that is not. For this reason, all manufacturers of universal gearmotors, aside from striving to increase gear ratios and load capacities within the same frame size, have endeavored to expand their product range where possible, refine their design, simplify the construction solutions, improve quality, and especially enhance the appearance of their gearmotors.

Abstract: Cassava peels (CP) are agricultural-industrial co-products, better means of generating wealth that have recently attracted the attention and efforts of scientists due to their vitality in achieving a higher standard of living in a variety of industrial applications and human health care. Hence, an urgent demand for low-cost, non-toxic nanostructure material that can host, deliver, and transmit light with improved optical properties. In this work, β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) was produced from cassava starch using US132 Cyclodextrins glucanotransferase enzyme (CGTase), converting it to cyclic oligosaccharides using experimental designs. The β-CDs produced by US132 CGTase are subsequently refined to a high level (67.26 g L-1) and homogenized using an eco-friendly, straightforward crystallization process that yielded a 40% purification yield. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was effectively synthesized from Kahaya senegalenses plant, as a natural reducing agent. The Uv-visible and SEM evaluations revealed the plasmon resonance bands and spherical cap-shaped morphology of the developed hybridized β-CDs/AuNPs. However, the functional groups contained in the developed nanohybrids were validated by the FT-IR analysis. The size and crystallinity of the developed sample was found within the nano range as deduced from XRD and TEM (20-20 nm) analysis. The successful formation the developed nanostructured β-CDs/AuNPs was confirmed employing Uv-Visible, XRD, FT-R and SEM analysis. Therefore, the developed nanostructured β-CDs/AuNPs displayed significant and noticeable advantages which can withstand present drifts, due to its environmental friendliness, biocompatibility and encapsulating effect.

Abstract: The study presents the design of a highly efficient cooking stove for rural applications, along with performance evaluation. Drawing on diverse literature, existing works were analysed to derive design enhancements. Utilizing SolidWorks and Creo, a model was constructed, followed by material selection and cost analysis using accessible market components. ANSYS Fluent enabled flow analysis for both optimal and real configurations, complemented by experimental tests for validation. Results underscore the stove's efficiency, evident in reduced wood consumption for cooking and decreased soot generation. Significantly, the system's heat transfer rate reached 11.67°C/min, outperforming open stoves at 3.42°C/min, while maintaining affordability at RM 415.34. Nomenclature = Temperature transfer efficiency for heat recovery = Temperature outside air before entering system = Temperature inside air after system heat transfer has occurred = Temperature inside air before system is switched on = Temperature Transfer Efficiency for Heat Loss

Abstract: The advantages of natural light in construction include connecting to the outside world, giving rooms a bigger appearance, and allowing a sense of time and knowing the weather. Additionally, it reduces the energy consumption associated with artificial lighting. The sun, moon, stars, and thermal heat are all sources of natural light. Energy-saving measures and design elements are integrated into natural lighting in buildings. By developing systems, natural lighting has been improved in efficiency. Solar energy can be directly used, and artificial lighting can be reduced. Vision can be enhanced by creating an unobstructed environment but can also be impaired by it. This study aims to define visual comfort in built environments by using natural light and energy-saving methods. Higher latitudes experience warmer temperatures due to the spreading of solar radiation over a larger surface area, while lower latitudes experience cooler temperatures. Creating daylight requires four stages: a consideration of neighborhood conditions, a consideration of the depth and geometry of the space, a consideration of specific spaces, and a consideration of the middle layers without direct access to daylight. In Malaysia, one of the top countries for absorbing solar energy, architects should utilize cutting-edge science and technology to improve the quality of their projects.

Abstract: Environmentally targeted regulation of material and energy flows in the regional area, which is part of the philosophy of industrial ecology, should be considered taking into account both the welfare of the population and economic interests. Thinking of logistics as the science of managing complex flows in networks provides a scientific basis for logistics and industrial ecology, as well as enabling the movement of resources in socio-economic systems in an economically highly efficient manner. It aimed to achieve the sustainable development goals of industrial systems at different hierarchical levels. These two areas complement each other and create a new integrated development vector for the sustainable development paradigm. In this case, it is very important to understand the concept of management well. Although in both industrial ecology and logistics material flow is studied from physical, environmental and socio-economic perspectives, in logistics it is from physical and socio-economic perspectives. Combining these two components and the foundations of the disciplines will create a new and sustainable basis for policies and mechanisms for the development of regions. In the article, the example of industrial ecology is mentioned as the goals of sustainable development.

Abstract: Resistance spot welding (RSW) is a commonly used process in a variety of fields such as automotive, aerospace, household, furniture, and railway for welding sheet metal parts. These industries further demand a welding machine that is portable and versatile in terms of where it can be utilized, such as, among others, remote locations, and is cost and energy-efficient, reliable, and highly efficient performance-wise. With this aim, the work develops a portable spot-welding machine with specific specifications, of an electrode of 0.394 inches in diameter and 10 inches in length, made of copper, and transformer specifications of 6 V-1500 A with 7 variable current settings. This machine is designed to provide accurate, consistent, and reliable welding readings. Additionally, the machine works on an AC supply of 220 volts, making it easily usable. The machine is found to be cost-effective, with a development cost of only 6100 rupees. It has also been found to be reliable and effective in welding up to two 3 mm mild steel plates under different currents, resistivity, and voltage settings. The machine is simple to operate and user-friendly and with a compact and lightweight design, it is highly versatile and easy to operate for a wide range of welding applications.

Abstract: This study aims to obtain results regarding the processing technique of taro into flour, processing of taro flour into taro brownies and taro pancakes, whether the taro brownies cake can be accepted by consumers and the nutrients contained in taro brownies and taro pancakes. This research was conducted in Keroit Village, West Motoling District, South Minahasa Regency with respondents from PKK in Keroit Village and two experts in the field of Pastry. Brownis taro organoleptic test showed a texture value of 53.3%; flavor 62.6%; fragrance 66.6%; shape, 55. Meanwhile, the results of organoleptic test on taro pancakes; texture 53.3%, taste 74.44%, aroma 77.77%, shape 73.33%. The test results at the Brownies Taro Laboratory contain; Carbohydrates 27.32. Fat 25.08, Protein 5.63. Sucrose 36.76. Taro pancakes contain; Carbohydrate 28.48, Fat 5.06, Protein 7.18, Sucrose 5.21.

Abstract: Large scale buoyant structures typical of offshore wave energy generation devices may be produced using the rotational foam moulding process. Due to the challenging environmental conditions these parts experience during their lifetime at sea, it is important that the structures are optimised to ensure acceptable mechanical performance. Foams containing large cells suffer a reduction in mechanical properties; therefore, an optimal foam contains small, evenly sized, and well distributed bubbles in large numbers. Due to the lower pressures used in the process, this can be challenging to achieve. Careful selection of material and processing conditions is required to achieve an optimal structure. A unique bench-based rig was used to observe developing foam structures. A camera was used to record the foam height change at intervals. Foam height change was obtained using digital image analysis. Several parameters were studied such as the polymer particle size or the mould pressure for example. In addition to the foam height change, foam density were analysed. It is found that mould pressure, polymer particle size, chemical blowing agent concentration, and polymer rheology may be used to control the foamed structures.

Abstract: At present, methanol is one of the most basic organic chemical raw materials and energy storage media. With the development of chemical technology and energy storage technology, its application becomes more and more extensive, and the methanol market prospects are unlimited. Industrial-scale methanol is generally prepared by using synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide as raw materials and reacting under a certain pressure, temperature, and catalyst. Therefore, the development of the methanol industry largely depends on the development of catalysts and the improvement of their performance. Metal catalysts are mainly used in the industry for reaction. This article reviews several metal catalysts used to synthesize methanol from syngas. Copper-based and iron-based catalysts are widely used, and the emerging rhodium and its ligand catalysts exhibit good catalytic performance in low-temperature catalysis. In the future, the scientific research team will focus on in-depth research on preparation methods, active centers, catalytic reaction kinetics, durability, metal ligands, raw material prices, etc., to lay a solid foundation for the industrial application of syngas to methanol in advance.