Papers by Keyword: Diffusion Theory

Abstract: Under normal atmospheric pressure conditions, volume suddenly increases about 11% when the water freezes and decreased when the ice melts. The pressure can reach up to 2500 times of atmospheric pressure in the closed space when the water freezing. This is a very important characteristic of the natural world and the industrial. In low temperature condition, the snow on the pavement is easy to melt and freeze, and it will affect the road safety, increase the cracking of the road and accelerate asphalt pavement water damage. Bitumen is a mixture consisting of some extremely complex polymer hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives of non-metallic (oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen). Deicing salt is used to prevent freezing in that area, chloride salt is its main ingredient. When the water melting point reduced, it is not easy to icing but to penetrate the asphalt pavement. If the temperature is continued to reduce, salt solution will still freezing. At last, the pavement will form water damage in repeated freeze-thaw cycles conditions.

Abstract: Traditional theories of interdiffusion in solids based on Fick’s first and second laws and Darken’s equations can not describe the relationship between the diffusion fluxes and the diffusion-induced stresses, because the subject matter of the traditional theories is the diffusing atom or atomic flux, not the volume unit within the interdiffusion field. For this reason, it is suggested that the concept of flow point in the interdiffusion field should be constructed to describe the diffusion-induced stresses and the phase growth.