Papers by Keyword: Displacement

Abstract: An exact analytical solution is presented for the problem of plane transverse bending of a segment of a narrow multilayer circular arch subjected to a normal uniformly distributed load on its longitudinal surfaces. The solution is constructed using the superposition principle based on the general solutions obtained by the authors for the bending problems of multilayer cantilevers with a circular axis under the action of loads on the free end and a uniformly distributed normal load on the longitudinal surfaces. Methods for modelling different types of end restraints for multilayer arches are considered: rigid, hinged, and combined. Using the example of a five-layer arch with varying restraints at the end, the influence of transverse shear deformations on the deflection and normal stresses is analyzed. The obtained relations allow determining the stress-strain state of multilayer arches with an arbitrary number of homogeneous (orthotropic, isotropic) layers, taking into account transverse shear and compression deformations, and can be used to construct other important solutions to arch deformation problems and develop more universal methods for calculating such structural elements.

Abstract: Displacement can occur for a variety of reasons, including pedicle screw detachment from the spine, damaged pedicle screws, the supporting rod detaching from the pedicle screw, and broken supporting rods. The relationship between displacement and screw threads indicates that the displacement of the screw is a measure of thread movement, and the smaller the pitch (the space between the two screw threads), the lower the displacement of the screw. Results from a normal bone simulation using MSC-Marc show that variations in pedicle screws under tensile load result in a displacement of 5.53x10-5 mm for single-threaded conical pedicle implants, with no greater coefficient of friction than single-threaded cylindrical implants, which have a displacement of 1.62x10-6 mm. When a tensile load is applied to an osteopenia bone, a single-threaded conical implant with no coefficient of friction results in a displacement of 3.45x10-5 mm as opposed to a cylindrical implant. The higher contact force reinforces the pedicle screw's interface with the bone, making it less likely to detach due to the pedicle screw's tensile force. When applying tensile forces and bending moments to a single-threaded conical implant with a single-threaded cylindrical implant, the displacement increases as the friction coefficient rises

Abstract: Long-span bridges are generally often needed in the world of civil engineering to reduce the number of the bridge piers. A long span steel box girders with a mid-span of 120-meter and two side-spans of 70-meter is studied. The static bridge deflection needs to be evaluated as the constructed slab thicknesses of the steel I-girder composite slab was not constant along the bridge longitudinal span. Results from numerical simulation with those of loading tests carried out on the bridge after its completion are compared.

Abstract: An exact analytical solution to the problem of plane transverse bending of a section of a narrow multilayer beam under the action of a normal load on the longitudinal faces, distributed according to the law of the trapezoid, is presented. The solution is constructed using the principle of superposition on the basis of the authors’ general solutions to the problems of bending multilayer consoles under the action of loads at the free end, uniformly and linearly distributed load on longitudinal faces. On its basis, separate interchanges for multilayer beams with different methods of fixing the ends were obtained: hinged, rigid and combined. The obtained relations make it possible to determine the stress-strain state of multilayer beams with an arbitrary number of homogeneous (orthotropic, isotropic) and functional-gradient layers, taking into account transverse shear and compression deformations.

Abstract: The primary purpose of the structural study on the 4.2-meter-long Jaloe Kayoh boat is to analyze the FEA of E-glass and ramie fiber composites, as well as the polyester resin. The hand lay-up method was used in this study to manufacture specimens following the ASTM D638-02 standard, while the tensile test was performed under the ASTM D790-02 standard. Based on the simulation results, the data analysis method was used to visualize the relationship between the stress and strain strength parameters on the structure, as well as a reaction force and displacement, which were related to the centralized loading on the walls and hull of the Jaloe Kayoh boat with a minimum loading variation of 539.3 N and a maximum loading variation of 2157.4 N. The maximum loading of the stress strength on the hull wall of Jaloe Kayoh was obtained at a load of 220 kg or 2157.4 N. The stress values obtained were 4.212e+09 N/mm2 for E-glass fiber and 3.998e+09 N/mm2 for ramie fiber. The highest Reaction Force values obtained were 4.369e+03 N for E-glass and 4.952e+03 N for ramie fiber. The highest displacement value was obtained, which was 2.620e-02 m for E-glass fiber and 2.662e-02 m for ramie fiber. Based on the simulation results, E-glass and ramie fibers are still safe and feasible to use as a base or initial layer, or one of the supporting layers, for lamination on one of the materials for the Jaloe Kayoh boat's walls and hull.

Abstract: In this paper, we emphasize that the thermodynamic basis of displacement concept is finite equilibrium region and quasi-static process. By considering the dynamic process of a particle system undergoing reversible deformation under external force, the spatial and temporal distributions of mesoscopic mass, mesoscopic mass flow, mesoscopic energy, and mesoscopic stress are calculated using corresponding mesoscopic theory (e.g., Hertz contact mechanics). Their macroscopic correspondence is calculated by means of coarse-grained average, and the resulting macroscopic mass and mass flow are substituted into the equation that defines the displacement, and the displacement is calculated by integration.

Abstract: Nowadays, one of the fastest growing technique is an Insulated Concrete Form (ICF). It has advantages like cost-effective, less maintenance, soundproof, energy-efficient, waterproof and disaster-resistant. ICF wall panels are made by interlocking Fibre Cement Board (FCB) sheet which poured in placed concrete. In this study, the behaviour of the ICF wall panel under axial compression is examined with experimental and analytical methods. ICF wall panels cast with various thickness and dense FCB are tested under axial compression. ICF panels with 1.2gm³/cm dense FCB with changing width of 6mm and 10mm were casted for experimental analysis. The experiments were carried out in an universal testing machine with the capacity of 600 kN. The maximum peak load of 540 kN is observed in FCB of 10mm thick and the maximum displacement of 13mm is observed in FCB80 at the peak load. An analytical investigation is carried with Euler’s crippling load equation and an average variation of 12% is observed between analytical and experimental results. It is concluded that the ICF system of construction provides desirable plastic behaviour against axial compressive loading. Hence ICF is recommended for construction to get the maximum benefits of the wall while it reaches ultimate strain.

Abstract: Creep tests using a simple jig have been performed on 63 wt.% tin-37 wt.% lead solder wires of diameters 1 mm and 2 mm at room temperature (23°C). Coils containing 5 or 10 rings were allowed to creep under their own weight for 60 minutes. It was noted that for either of these diameter wires, the coil with 10 rings had significantly large vertical displacements as compared to those with 5 rings. In each particular coil, the highest vertical displacements were in the bottom rings. The overall maximum vertical displacement was 76.5 mm and this was in a bottom ring of the 2 mm diameter wire with 10 rings. However, in all cases, the amount of horizontal displacement was negligible. The bottom ring of the 2 mm diameter wire had the largest initial strain of 0.151 at 5 minutes and final strain of 0.546 at 60 minutes; this was in the coil with 10 rings. Although no consistent pattern in change between the initial and final diameters was noted for the rings in any coil even after 24 hours of creep, it was quite apparent that in a majority of cases a change in diameter occurred. The main factor responsible for the observed creep is attributed to the weight of the rings in the coils rather than capillary flow.

Abstract: Any successful primary cementing operation at elevated temperature condition requires an efficient displacement of fluid surrounding the casing by cement slurry. In such conditions the cement slurry should be designed in such a way that it should be compatible with both cement and drilling mud. To achieve these requirements we designed the cement slurry with weighted spacer. Spacer is a barrier between cement & mud so that they should not mix with each other, also all these fluids should be incompatible inorder to avoid cement aggregation. The displacement efficiency during cementation is directly dependent on discharge rate, but however due to formation fracture pressure constraints, the discharge rate is limited, hence designing spacer becomes very crucial. This phenomenon becomes more pronounced at higher temperature as turbulent flow efficiency reduces due to the presence of weighting agent. The drive of the present work is to identify a suitable viscosifier to avoid settling of weighing agents in spacer and to maintain the stability of rheology admixture at elevated temperature condition. Laboratory tests were performed for compatible deformation and flow of matter with cement slurry-spacer-mud at temperature range (80-140°C) on a rotational viscometer as per the procedure of API RP 10B-2. The volumetric proportions of the cement slurry/spacer and spacer/mud admixtures were prepared with various ratios: 95/5, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 5/95. Rheological compatibility of fluids (cement & spacer and mud & spacer) is evaluated by computing the R-Index Value (R) which is calculated by subtracting highest 100 rpm reading of admixture from highest rpm reading for an individual fluid for the given range of elevated temperature condition. The calculated R-Index Value can then be utilized to comment on fluid compatibility. After finalization of chemical compatibility, rheological hierarchy was achieved by incorporating the friction pressure loss with respect to discharge rate of an individual fluid for the given range of elevated temperature condition. The spacer system used achieved stable compatibility and efficient rheological hierarchy at elevated temperature cementing conditions. In addition, by comparing the results between the two different spacer systems, the role of hydration in attaining rheological compatibility is computed. This study will in turn prove helpful in figuring out the better spacer system which will play a vital role for better displacement and cementation quality.

Abstract: In the present situation the growth of population is increasing rapidly. In view of this, the development of the buildings are changing its dimension to high rise structures further having trends of structural irregularities. These kinds of irregularities in the structure cannot be avoided as it is more vulnerable to the seismic actions. The structure fails by the uneven moments created by the seismic actions because of the irregularities in the structure which is based on the parameters like storey drift, displacement, torsional effects etc., In this paper the effects of the torsional irregularity is studied and the failure has been minimized by adding necessary elements like shear wall and bracings where ever required. In Present study we have considered the 20 storey building of reinforced concrete structure which includes five models of different regular and irregular shaped structures which are subjected to earthquake load and are modeled by using ETABS version 9. Analysis results elaborate the parameters like displacement, time period, storey drift and comparisons of the results among the set of models.