Papers by Keyword: Distillation

Abstract: One of the significant problems to be solved is the availability of clean water for public consumption. As the population increases, the clean water needs will also increase. Some areas are at risk of shortages of clean water. One of them is in coastal areas. One of the methods used is to convert seawater into freshwater to provide clean water in coastal areas. With the distillation process, water can be separated from salt. In this research, the heat source used is induction electrical energy. The induction heater is chosen because of its efficiency. A method to change seawater into pure water is to boil the seawater. In this research, the level of electricity power is 600 W, 800 W and 1000 W. The airspeed over the condenser was varied in three level of speed. The result shows that the highest freshwater product is at 1000 W at level 1 airspeed with freshwater product is 632 grams. The most effective result is at 900 W induction heater with power consumption of 1.295 W/g.

Abstract: This study aims to obtain an alternative fuel from plastic pyrolytic oil (PPO) that has similar properties to gasoline and diesel fuel. The process carried out is distillation, which is heating the PPO at a certain temperature so that light and heavy molecules will evaporate and turn into distillate plastic oil (DPO). The effect of temperature on the quality of the DPO was observed based on the color of the obtained DPO. Temperatures ranging from 120 to 350 °C were examined in this study. The cleaner DPO was produced at a temperature of about 120 °C, which indicated a light molecule of hydrocarbon similar to gasoline, while a little dark color was produced when the temperature was increased to 350 °C, which indicated heavy molecules of hydrocarbon similar to diesel. This research shows that distillation can produce alternative fuels with different grades depending on the applied operating temperature.

Abstract: Water is one of the basic needs that must be fulfilled by living things, especially humans, starting from daily activities such as cooking, washing, and so on. It is possible that the water source has been contaminated with other contaminants. Various methods are used to obtain proper water, one of which is the solar distillation method. Solar distillation is a method of purifying water that has not been widely used due to its low productivity. Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuO) were chosen as the material to be added to the black paint on the bottom of the distillation basin, this was done to increase its productivity. Experiments were carried out with concentrations of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles by weight of 10%, 15%, and 20%. It was found that adding nanoparticles to the paint increased the heat transfer rate and water temperature. The results obtained showed that CuO nanoparticles increased efficiency by 6.66%, 16.91% and 27.93% compared to conventional distillation apparatus at concentrations of heavy fractions of 10%, 15% and 20%, respectively. From this modification of the tool, the highest condensate mass was obtained at the concentration of the heavy fraction of 20% CuO nanoparticles with an average of 806 ml/day, while the other variations obtained an average condensate mass of 512 ml/day and 655 ml/day at the concentration of the heavy fraction respectively. 10% and 15% respectively.

Abstract: In this paper, an experimental work studies the principal operating parameters of a proposed desalination process using air humidification-dehumidification method. The major objective of this work is to determine the humid air behavior through the desalination system. Different operating conditions including the effect of the water temperature at the entry to the humidifier, the ratio of the mass of water to the air, the air/water flow rate, and cooling water at entry the dehumidifier on the desalination performance were studied. The results show that the freshwater increases with increasing the water temperature at the inlet of the humidifier, the ratio of the mass of water to air, and cooling water flow rate in the dehumidifier. Cooling water outlet temperature at the condenser increases with increasing the water temperature at humidifier inlet. Also, it decreases as increasing cooling water flow rate while the ratio of the mass of water to air achieves the highest productivity and gained output ratio (GOR). The achieved mass ratio (MR) is 4.5 and the mass flow rate of air is 0.8 kg/min.

Abstract: The global use of natural gas is growing quickly, and this is attributed primarily to its environmental advantage over fossil fuels such as crude oil and coal. This natural gas is usually flared in refineries because extra charges would be incurred in collecting and processing it. A country flares about 800 million standard cubic feet (Mmscf) of gas per day, from approximately 144 gas flare points across the nation, losing a huge amount of money per annum. A liquefied natural gas plant has converted about 5.58 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of associated gas to exports as liquefied natural gas and natural gas liquids (NGLs), thus helping to reduce gas flaring from upstream companies. Natural gas liquids (NGLs) are major contributors to this economic benefit through petrochemical feedstock for industrial purposes, fuel for residential, commercial and agricultural applications, in addition to using other products as propellant, refrigerant and gasoline blending. To contribute to the technology of natural gas liquid system, in this work, a fractionation system has been modelled and simulated using Aspen HYSYS to determine the status of processes involved and the compositions of the NGLs. The results obtained revealed that each of methane, ethane, propane, iso-butane and n-butane could be successfully separated with high purity from natural gas feed stream. Also, it was observed from the validation carried out on the developed model of the system, which was ascertained by its operations that were in line with the theoretical principles of separation involved in the plant, that it can be used for further analyses of the system.

Abstract: The temperature-heat duty (T-Q) graph method is provided to save energy for the distillation process of the mixtures with wide-boiling range. It is a visual method to find the heat sources and heat sinks, to use different utilities reasonably, and to realize the energy recovery, such as the steam generation or the heat integration. Through adjusting the operating pressures of some different column sections, the heat integration can be realized, and the multi-effect distillation flowsheet can be obtained. One case is studied and the result showed that the given method is easy and convenient for the engineers to design or to retrofit the distillation process in the interest of energy saving.

Abstract: The paper studies the iodine-123 extraction process from the targets of enriched Tellurium-122 irradiated by deuterons at the cyclotron R-7M. We researched the regularities of radionuclide accumulation in the absorbent solution tank, depending on the temperature and air pumping regime through the system. As a result, we suggested a separate temperature treatment of the targets with the purpose of their preliminary purification from impurities and subsequent obtaining of "Na¹²³I" preparation with radiochemical yield 97%.

Abstract: In Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) recovery, distillation process is the most common and widely used separation method. The productions of ethane, propane, butane and stabilized condensate are achieved through a series of conventional distillation columns which require massive amount of energy consumption, contributing more than 40% of the overall plant energy thus increasing the operating cost. This work focuses on energy saving in natural gas liquid processing by comparing the integrated side-stripper column with the conventional separation trains at steady state using a commercial simulator, Aspen Plus HYSYS. Energy analysis from the study shows that the integrated column arrangement which implement the side-stripper configuration achieved favourable result as it offers the highest percentage in energy reduction which is up to 68% (for reboiler) and 70% (for condenser). Consequently, this can be linked to the reduction of operating cost for hot and cool duties and trim down the overall production cost for existing NGL recovery plant.

Abstract: Nowadays the actual problem of geochemistry is a deep and complex processing of mineral raw materials. Data on the quantitative content of precious and rare metals in various types of ores and rocks are necessary. It stimulates the development and improvement of chemical analytical methods for determination of these elements. Such methods are not applicable without sample preparation stage. Preparation of samples for analysis is the decomposition and preconcentration of rare and precious metals from matrix of mineral raw materials. The sample preparation schemes of platinum, palladium and rhenium are described in this paper.

Abstract: This paper represents the results of researching of recycling plastic wastes by hydrogenation in the presence of catalysts: natural zeolite, bauxite, red sludge (wastes from recycling of bauxite), as a hydrogen source was used heavy residues from oil process. This method allowed to define the optimal conditions of the hydrogenation process and get liquid products enriched with isoalkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatic and heteroaromatic hydrocarbons.