Papers by Keyword: Dose

Abstract: Achieving a strong bond between carbon fiber (CF) and recyclable thermoplastic polymer (TP) has always been highly sought after. So far, applying electron beam (EB) irradiation with optimal dose and cathode potential (V_c) has shown success in increasing mechanical properties of interlayered CFRTPs. However, with concern for durability and safety, higher strength is desired. Therefore, EB setting applying electron beam (EB) irradiation with cathode potential (V_c) to 170, 210, 225 or 250 kV was applied to CFRTPA (carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polyamide) articles just before shipping. Specimens were 9 CF plies alternating between 10 PA (polyamide) sheets, designated [TPA]₁₀[CF]₉. When optimal EB dose of 43.2 kGy is applied to both finished specimen surfaces after fabrication, experimental results show higher V_c setting of 250 kV can increase impact strength of the [TPA]₁₀[CF]₉ over that at 170 kV. In summary, the 250 kV-EB (250 kV) strengthens [TPA]₁₀[CF]₉ significantly, about 25 to 27% larger than that of 170 kV and zero (untreated). Based on Christenhusz and Reimer equation to calculate penetration depth, D_th of EBI into polymers, increasing V_c to 250 kV increased D_th to more than 2 times that at 170 kV.

Abstract: Experimental studies on the effect of electron irradiation with energy of 4 MeV to the mechanical strength of the film of Mylar type were conducted. It is found that the strain and stress dependences on the radiation dose are satisfactorily described by the proposed exponential models.

Abstract: Effects of uniaxial stress, temperatures and electron irradiation on nanochain straightening in film polymer materials (polytetrafluoroethylene and lavsan) have been studied comprehensively. Essential change in material behavior including chain straightening was found in strain (e) – stress (s) curves.

Abstract: New trends in development and research of construction polymeric materials allow modification of their properties. This change of properties may represent a significant financial burden, which will be reflected in the product price. This article will consider the degree of impact of such modification on finished products. Improving creep characteristics are not directly proportional to the amount of the dose. Moreover is solved the dose amount compared to the value added, which will translate into better mechanical properties. The results of these measurements show that the most appropriate dose of radiation in terms of the mechanical properties of the dose is 198 kGy. However, in terms of value added seems best a much smaller dose.

Abstract: This paper presents the results of designing experimental setups for the X-ray visualization. The setups allow to obtain the projection of two-dimensional images and sinograms that are used to restore the tomographic cross-sections. The results of the computing of the dose burden are supplied. The low values of the equivalent doses, received in the experiment, are analyzed.

Abstract: UVA is seldom applied in UV inactivation or disinfection, however, it may be more suitable for underwater photo-catalysis treatment. Since the wavelength of UVA is longer than UVC, the former has higher transmission ability and encounter less disturbance of suspending substances in water. Also, the exciting wavelength of UVA is between 365nm and 413nm which coincides with the wavelength of UVA. Hence, the spatial distribution of UVA radiation is studied for a 15W UVA lamp. The decaying tendencies of UVA radiation intensity were probed over horizontal and vertical distance, behind large amounts of experimental data. Optimal radiation conditions plan to be detected based on the research to guide the UVA treatment.

Abstract: UV radiation, as an effective method for bacteria inactivation, has been applied popularly on ballast water treatment. However, the inactivation efficiencies of UV radiation greatly depend on the UV intensity which distributed unevenly in water and can be deeply affected by the suspending particles in water. For better understanding of the spatial distribution of UV radiation, a 16W UVC lamp was measured underwater to detect the radiant intensity over horizontal and vertical distance. The distribution tendency of UV radiant intensity was probed behind large amounts of experimental data. In addition, four types of different water including tap water, clean seawater, seawater mixed with suspending substances (SS), and seawater mixed with typical algae, were studied to identity the influence of water environment on UV transmission. The impacting significances were compared among different water quality, to optimize the ballast water treatment methods combining with UV radiation.

Abstract: In this paper, we studied the influence of nitrogen implantation dose on both physical and electrical properties in 3C-SiC grown on Si (100) substrate. Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy characterizations prove that high dose is responsible for amorphization of the implanted layer and the high defect density after annealing. A high V-shape defect density is still found in the implanted layer after an annealing at 1350°C. By lowering the dose, the layer is less damaged and no amorphization is observed. For the different doses, low Specific Contact Resistances are measured using Ti/Ni contacts. The Specific Contact Resistance value decreases from 8x10^-6 Ω.cm² for the high dose to 3.2x10^­6 Ω.cm² with decreasing the dose. Furthermore, the dopant activation ratio, evaluated by quantitative SSRM measurements, is improved at the same time from 17% (for the high dose) to 60% (for the low dose). This work demonstrates that high activation ratio can be achieved consecutively to a nitrogen implantation at reasonable implantation fluence.