Papers by Keyword: Drainage

Abstract: A prototype drainage lysimeter system was designed and constructed for educational objectives, focusing on the principles of drainage and irrigation systems. The fabrication was carried out at the Engineering Section of the Farm Mechanization Unit within the Agricultural Technology Department at the Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology in New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria. The drainage lysimeters were made from 4.8-mm waterproof plywood, measuring 0.80 x 0.45 x 0.50 m, with an internal area of 0.18 m². A lysimeter filled solely with moist soil weighed 1,010.27 kg. This prototype was utilized in practical classes to instruct students on assessing water infiltration rates, evapotranspiration, water quality, and crop water usage. Evaluation results indicated that students successfully grasped the operational principles of the drainage lysimeter system.

Abstract: The work concerns the use of polyvinyl chloride joints as a modern method of stabilizing the trenches in military construction built on unstable water-saturated slopes by combining it with a transverse drainage. Employment of the method will reduce the hydrostatic pressure on the trench walls, excluding the possibility of collapse, and will increase the efficiency of service at military bases. Polyvinyl chloride joints are used in hydraulic engineering in a number of countries, in the construction of artificial canals, swimming pools and flood protection. The novelty of this method is its usage in flooded areas, which at the same time prevents landslides by organizing drainage.

Abstract: The durability of concrete, the material which is widely used for water facilities depends on accumulation in operational environments (drain water, air-gas space) of hydrogen sulfide. Now the mechanism of corrosion destruction of concrete in drainage pipelines is represented as result of biogenous sulphuric acid aggression – influence of the sulphuric acid formed by thionic bacteria. The analysis of data on H₂S concentration in drain waters of various industrial enterprises demonstrates that they create in gaseous operational media H₂S concentration, sufficient for development in aerobic conditions of thionic bacteria. As the results of urban sewer networks inspection have shown, the correlation between concentration of H₂S in aqueous phase and its concentration in air environment, between concentration of H₂S in air environment and the corrosion rate of concrete’s coffering part is observed. Chemical and X-ray crystallography of this concrete showed that in corrosive concrete decreases pH, reaching in some examples of values 1-2, and sulfates collect. In dynamics of corrosion process the exponential growth of concentration in concrete of extremely acidophilic thionic bacteria is noted.

Abstract: The challenge of various methods of analysis of rainfall intensity for design runoff estimation is in the availability of data for the given area. This work aims to evaluate the use of the Intensity Duration and Frequency (IDF) method in design runoff estimation using a rainfall analysis model for low data catchment areas such as Nigeria. The source of the data for the study is the Nigerian Meteorological Agency, and it is for Lokoja, a city in the North Central Zone of the country. Analysis of the data compared to the annual and partial duration series for rainfall intensities at various return periods. Also analyzed was the daily rainfall data to determine the rainfall intensity for the different duration and return periods for the study area. From the analysis, partial duration series analysis offered better design estimates than the annual series. Also noted is the fact that the intensity of rainfall increases with a return period of a given duration. The work also indicates that frequency curves can be used to extrapolate rainfall intensity of a given duration for a longer period than years of record. The paper, therefore, presents a design intensity equation useful for the estimation runoff necessary for sustainable infrastructures such as in water utilization and controls.

Abstract: Drain cleaning is often considered as a simple task, but it might not be so always. Many industries function smoothly by constantly dumping the waste, toxic chemicals, biodegradable products frequently in the drains, which results in clogging of drains thus preventing the water flow from the pipes. Around 800 men die because of drain cleaning every year in India. Maintaining, cleaning and resolving the issues of drainage systems have been a severe issue in the surrounding environment where, labors are used without any protective measures. Increase in the laborers deaths has been a major concern in cleaning the drainage blockages. Moreover, identifying the blockage within the drainage system is a time consuming and TDS task. Also, the machines available are very expensive. Thus, a system has to be introduced where humans are not insisted for cleaning the drainage blockages and its maintenance. In view of above, present project is aimed at development of a slender and powerful system to inspect the pipe and disintegrate it to clear the blockage in the pipe.

Abstract: The paper deals with the historical and structural survey of house “At the Three Axis” and drainage and ventilation systems discovered in the Prague Castle area. Failures and deterioration processes of these historical structures are described. The important achievements of in-situ inspection and laboratory analysis are presented, interventions and maintenance of systems proposed.

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to anticipate problems with flooding in micro drainage system to study the response of land cover in Samarinda-Indonesia due to changes in land use may lead to changes in flood discharge plan. Hydraulics analysis has been performed to study the condition in evaluative objective drainage system Drainage Samarinda City Blocks 2 (116015'36'' - 117024'16 'E and 00021'18'' - 01009'16'' LS) located in a densely populated area where some have experienced a decrease in capacity and increased discharge resulting in a puddle on a rainy day. The results based on changes in rainfall regime (I) in block 2 showed most primary channel in Block 2 is sufficient to accommodate the runoff discharge unless the primary channel sub-system 2.4.1 Jl. Hasan Basri Left P62-P72. While based on changes in rainfall regime and changes in land use increased by 28% in 2012 compared to conditions in 2000 obtained the results of three of the eleven sub-system that is the primary channel 2.2.3 Hull Road Mangkurat left, sub-system 2.2.4 Roads and channel Gastric right Mangkurat sub-system 2.4.1 Roads declared Hasan Basri left insufficient to accommodate the runoff discharge

Abstract: The design height of a concrete sand-gravel dam is up to 251 meters, which has strong unloading rock masses with great depth on the left bank. According to the topographic and hydro geologic conditions of the dam site, a three-dimensional finite element model for seepage calculation of the dam is established. Based on the equivalent continuum method, the effect of anti-seepage and drainage system within run-time with normal storage level is studied, meanwhile, the seepage elements are obtained, including the seepage of the groundwater, the discharge of the dam, the seepage gradient of the dam body and the impervious curtain and so on, thus the conclusion that the anti-seepage and drainage system is reasonable is verified. What’s more, the influence of the different length and depth of the anti-seepage curtain to the distribution of groundwater seepage as well as the effect of "L" type drainage in the dam body are analyzed in order that the suggestion of the optimization of anti-seepage and drainage system is put forward for the high concrete sand-gravel dam.

Abstract: In this paper authors haveconsidered potentially possible causes of failures in filtration mode offoundation. Methods of calculated prediction of abnormal seepage processesparameters have been considered.

Abstract: Moisture is a major source of damage in historic solid masonry. Rising damp is a well-known phenomenon around the world and occurs when groundwater flows into the base of a construction and is allowed to rise through the pore structure. From practical experience it is known that many factors may play a role regarding permeability problems in masonry. The amount of possible causes of moisture problems in historic masonry underlines the complexity of this phenomenon. Evaporation is an important factor in rising damp. The surface of an affected wall contains moisture that has risen from the ground and this moisture is then subject to evaporation. The factors controlling evaporation include: temperature, humidity, air movement and surface.