Papers by Keyword: Driving Force

Abstract: J. C. Maxwell applied the quaternion analysis and vector terminology to study the physics properties of electromagnetic field. Nowadays the spaces of electromagnetic and gravitational fields can be chosen as the quaternion spaces, while their coordinates are able to be the complex numbers. The complex quaternion space can be used to describe the physics feature of forces in the electromagnetic and gravitational fields. The paper is capable of writing the terms of force into a single definition, including the inertial force, gravity, electromagnetic force, energy gradient and so on. Further the definition of force can deduce some new but weak terms of force. One of them is the ‘strength gradient force’. The strength gradient force relates only with the gradient and distribution of field strength, and is independent to the electric charge and mass. And this force is able to exert the interaction on neutral and charged particles. As the driving force, the strength gradient force can be used to drive precisely the motion of small mass, and applied to operate the precision machine. By analogy with the optical tweezers and magnetic mirror, the strength gradient force is possible to be applied to devices in the future, including in the precision machine for the focusing, the collimating of the polarization maintaining optical fibers and so forth.

Abstract: Distillation is the primary separation process widely used in the industrial chemical process. Although it has many advantages, the main drawback is its large energy requirement, which may significantly influence the overall plant profitability. However, the large energy requirement of these processes can be systematically reduced by using driving force and energy integration methods. This paper presents a methodology for designing energy efficient distillation columns systems based on those two methods. Generally, the proposed methodology consists of four hierarchical steps. In the first step, the system of distillation columns for multicomponent separation is designed based on the conventional distillation column design (shortcut) method. Then, the conventional distillation columns systems design is improved in terms of energy saving by using driving force method in the second step. It is expected in the third step that the distillation columns systems design can be further improved in terms of energy saving by using energy integration method. Finally, the distillation columns systems design is evaluated in terms of economic performance. The simulation results by using Aspen HYSYS have shown that the driving force sequence by using shortcut method for NGLs has energy savings with 55% reduction compared to a direct method with shortcut method. It can be verified that the proposed methodology has the capability in designing energy efficient distillation columns in an easy, systematic and practical manners.

Abstract: In this paper, Lixian County 2001-2010 dynamic changes of cultivated land resources were studied. Studies have shown that: the past 10 years the average annual reduction rate of 0.72% Lixian County arable land, and the reduction since 2002, much faster, In the spatial region, most dramatic change is more economically developed society Liwu Town, Dabaichi Town, Xinxing Town and Liushi Town. According to the statistical Yearbook 2001-2010 review, we select factor and use principal component analysis. The main driving factors of impacting Lixian County arable land resources change are economic factor, demographic factor and progress in agricultural technology factor.

Abstract: This paper presents the development of a new methodology that will enable to design flexible and operable energy integrated distillation columns (EIDCs). Distillation is the primary separation process used in the industrial chemical processing. Although it has many advantages, however the main drawback concerns with the large energy requirement, which significantly influence overall plant profitability. The large energy requirement of these processes can be reduced by using energy integration. Therefore, a new methodology that will enable to design flexible and operable of EIDCs has been proposed in this study. This can be successfully obtained by implementing the integration of process design and control (IPDC) methodology. The design of EIDCs can be further improved to ensure that the design is more cost efficient, flexible, controllable, and operable. This can be achieved by developing a new model-based IPDC method, which includes cost optimality and controllability at the early design stage, which is also the main objective of this study. It is expected that this new methodology will help engineers to solve EIDCs design problem in a systematic and efficient manner. Methodology Development

Abstract: Urban fringe areas are the core carrier for the balance of carbon source and sink in urban regions and the concentration area for conversion of land used for carbon emission and sink. With the support of interpreted data of remote sensing images, through combination of the “Breakaway Point” Analysis Approach and the Index Bound Method, the paper obtains the range of fringe areas of Nanning City and discusses about the driving force mechanism of spatial expansion of lands used for carbon source and sink at the urban fringe areas. The results show that conditions of natural terrain, social and economic factors, development of communication and transportation, urban planning and control, social culture and mass psychology form the driving force mechanism of spatial expansion of lands used for carbon source and sink at urban fringe areas.

Abstract: An application of GIS and the landscape pattern analysis software FRAGSTAS were used for research the changes of landscape structure nearly 14 years of Huihe basin in the hulunbuir prairie. The results show that, (1) from 1995 to 2010, cultivated land, grassland, basin forest area decreased, other land use type area were increased, and sand was the most obvious. From the grass internal structure change, low coverage in the grass and grassland area coverage in the proportion of total area decrease by 0.4% and 7.2% respectively in 14 years, and the high coverage grassland area ratio increases by 3.3%. Internal composition structure of forest land, the most significant change was shrubbery area, the area is reduced by 2.57%, the proportion of forestland of increased by 2.05%, and the proportion of open woodland area does not change significantly. (2) the land use type conversion frequently in basin area, large area and large proportion of the land use type conversion mainly in farmland, forest land, meadow and the sand. In the province, the main cultivated land into high, medium, and in the forest coverage grass, shrub and grass high coverage into cultivated land; Wetland overall increased; Sand of forest area into grass and open woodland, medium and low coverage grass coverage into the sand in the grass province. landscape pattern driving force analysis shows that the climate warming and human activities on the trend and rational use of natural resources, which lead the Huihe basin in the service function of ecological to degradation.

Abstract: In order to study land use efficiencies of various areas, implement the optimization of whole provincial land economy density so as to promote the reasonable use of land resources and implement the sustainable use of land, the paper takes the space-time distribution of Henan land economic density as the research object, analyze the regional aerial differences dynamically, selects the data of 2013 by quantitative analysis, uses Cobb-Douglas production function, introduces specific indexes of each factor influencing land economic density, builds the regression model, analyzes influencing factors of each driving force affecting the land economic density of Henan Province and confirms main influencing factors.

Abstract: In order to study land use efficiencies of various areas, implement the optimization of whole provincial land economy density so as to promote the reasonable use of land resources and implement the sustainable use of land, the paper takes the space-time distribution of Henan land economic density as the research object, analyze the regional aerial differences dynamically, selects the data of 2013 by quantitative analysis, uses Cobb-Douglas production function, introduces specific indexes of each factor influencing land economic density, builds the regression model, analyzes influencing factors of each driving force affecting the land economic density of Henan Province and confirms main influencing factors.

Abstract: An innovative industrial clusters knowledge conduction is a duplicate dynamic game process, the traditional static game model is no longer applicable to the analysis of the motives of innovative industrial clusters inter-organizational cooperation. In this dynamic repeated game process, cooperative enterprises in each stage of the game will also face two basic strategic choice: cooperative (knowledge transfer) or uncooperative (betrayal, that is no knowledge transfer). In the course of this game, when the risks outweigh the benefits, the power of knowledge source transfer knowledge may not be enough. As an important mechanism to ensure that the contract honest implementation, reputation networks can be overcome the negative attitude of the tissue conduction knowledge to some extent, to promote knowledge sources maintain cooperative relations under the constraints of the reputation network, for knowledge sharing and conduction. It can be said that the reputation network constraints on cluster participants cooperative attitude can be seen as a necessary condition for organizations conduction knowledge in the cluster.

Abstract: The circulation of rural land in China's agriculture and rural development to a certain stage of the product, an effective improvement of the rural land system in the implementation of the present the household contract responsibility system on the basis of, is the realization of Urbanization, the breakthrough and the key of agricultural modernizatio. Economic driving force is the main reason of the circulation of agricultural land, policies and regulations and institutional change, labour force transfer, agricultural product price. The degree of Agricultural Mechanization, the degree of Agricultural Mechanization, comprehensive function of social culture, to promote the circulation of farmland. This paper uses the method of regression analysis, cause analysis of rural land circulation in China, in order to explore long-term mechanism of agricultural land transfer.