Papers by Keyword: Drug Delivery

Abstract: To address the limitations of traditional drug delivery, CaTiO₃:Er³⁺ film (CTO:Er) is studied as a promising material for drug delivery systems. With regard to the excellent biocompatibility and physicochemical properties, CTO:Er prepared by a facile electrochemical anodizing process combined with a hydrothermal method has been used to fabricate new drug-releasing implants for localized drug delivery. This review discusses the development of CTO:Er applied in localized drug delivery systems, which uses nano drug curcumin for testing. Furthermore, with the special structure of the material, it meets the needs of drug absorption and delivery. Finally, the review concludes with the advances of CTO:Er for controlled drug delivery and corresponding prospects in the future.

Abstract: Mahaad (Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb.) is a plant variety that can be found in Southern and Eastern Asia. Its extract contains a major component, oxyresveratrol (ORES), and a minority component, resveratrol (RES), both of which are important cosmetic compounds with antioxidant and skin-brightening properties. However, both ORES and RES are easily degraded by light, heat, and oxygen, making proper storage necessary for effective use in cosmetics. In this study, dendritic fibrous silica was selected as the carrier to protect the active compounds due to its high porosity and surface area with a unique open pore structure, as well as its low toxicity. The synthesized silica was characterized using various techniques, including SEM, FE-SEM, XRD, N₂ adsorption-desorption, and FTIR. The synthesized silica had a particle size, specific surface area, pore size, and pore volume of 500-600 nm, 703 m²/g, 6.21 nm, and 1.09 cm³/g, respectively. The Mahaad extract was co-loaded with Span 80, a non-ionic surfactant widely used in cosmetics in different ratios on KCC-1. The FTIR results confirmed successful loading of Mahaad and surfactant onto the KCC-1 carrier, and we observed that the release rate of Mahaad decreased with an increase in the Span 80-to-drug ratio. These findings suggest that co-loading Span 80 with the drug on a silica surface can provide a controlled and tunable drug release rate that is desirable for cosmetic applications.

Abstract: In recent years, developments in medical devices have led to research in drug release mechanisms. Although important advances have been made, some critical points still exist to investigate. Regarding materials to be used for drug purposes some natural materials seem to be a biocompatible future solution. Silk fibroin (SF) is one of the proposed candidates to satisfy the needs of drug release technologies due to its biodegradability in a tunable range of time with non-toxic end products. This work aims to study the dip coating process over stainless steel and polyurethane tubes to obtain micro-coating layers for drug release purposes. The effect on the number of cycles (2, 4, and 8) and evaporation time between cycles (10, 20, and 30 seconds) was studied. The layer thickness of the coating and the degradation rate in water were analyzed. Results showed that silk fibroin coatings at the microscale can be achieved. Furthermore, a strong influence of the evaporation time over the layer thickness with a maximum decrease of 66,1% as the evaporation time increases and an increase of 63,8% as the number of cycles increases. Results showed a high degradation rate in PBS with a 70,5% of weight loss relative to the initial weight of SF degraded within 3 hours.

Abstract: Alginate is natural biodegradable polymers often used for wound treatments and drug delivery purposes. Due to thestructural characteristics, alginate polymers are able to form hydrogel. Alginate nanoparticles are obtained by diverse methodologies and the physical and chemical properties can be affected by production techniques and the molecules incorporated. Alginate possesses unique bioactivities such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, hydrophilicity and non-toxicity, so it has great potential for biomedical applications. Alginate based hydrogels and nanoparticles carrying active compounds are able to supply the optimal environments for wound healing and controlled drug administration including targeted or localized drug-delivery systems. In this review, the recent researches about the alginate and alginate-complex nanoparticles as potential tools for wound dressing membrane and drug delivery carriers are studied.

Abstract: Spinal tuberculosis is one of the infectious diseases which according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is a major cause of health problems and one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. The aim of this study was to fabricate a 3D printing scaffold with the design of truncated hexahedron, then combined with Injectable Bone Substitute (IBS) paste as a method for drug delivery in the case of spinal tuberculosis. Injectable Bone Substitute (IBS) paste was synthesized by combining some materials including hydroxyapatite, gelatin, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and streptomycin. The scaffold was characterized with IBS paste through the digital microscope and the mechanical test to determine the mechanical strength of the scaffold. The results of the 3D printing scaffold showed that the scaffold has interconnectivity between pores. After being injected with IBS, it was seen that the entire surface of the scaffold pores was covered by IBS paste evenly. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) tests showed that the surface of the scaffold has been covered by IBS paste, and proves that the pores are still formed. Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) test results showed that the IBS paste containing a hydroxyapatite component consisting of Ca, P, and O elements. Mechanical tests showed that the scaffold for all pore sizes had a compressive strength of 1.49-3.97 MPa before IBS injection and increased to 3.45-4.77 MPa after IBS injection. Then the bending test showed that the scaffold had a bending strength of 16.76-36.09 MPa and increased to around 21.57-40.36 MPa after being injected with IBS. The drug release test showed that the 3D printing scaffold could release streptomycin by 4.944%-6.547%, which has met the percentage of drug release that is able to kill tuberculosis bacteria. It can be concluded that 3D printing scaffold combined with IBS paste can be applied as a drug carrier as well as a method of healing spinal tuberculosis.

Abstract: The process of mechanically activating chemical bonds usually involves applying external force. Since mechanical chemistry can be performed without solvents or with minimal amounts of solvent (catalytic quantities), it has become an imperative synthetic tool in multiple fields (e.g., physics, chemistry, and materials science) and is an attractive greener method for preparing diverse molecules. Catalysis, organic synthesis, solid-state medicinal preparation, metal complex synthesis, and many other chemistry fields have benefited from sustainable methods. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the benefits of using mechanochemical methods to produce a pharmaceutical crystal that is composed of dendrimer nanocrystals. Consequently, we describe and examine the importance of mechanical procedures in forming dendrimers and pharmaceutical crystals in this review.

Abstract: The small size and large surface area of nano and microparticles are interesting properties for drug delivery, hypothetically capable of overcoming some limitations of conventional therapeutic medicine and diagnostic agents. Although their features are highly influenced by the polymer characteristics, these particles are known for encapsulating high amounts of drugs, improving their stability and bioavailability and enabling different administration routes. Among synthetic polymers, polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles are widely studied in drug delivery due to the polymer excellent biocompatibility and degradability and for its ability to blend with other polymers. On its turn, among natural polymers, glucan has been emerging as a promising candidate for drug delivery particularly due to structure forming abilities and its immunomodulatory effects. Under the safe-by-design approach for the development of polymeric particles, this review encloses a comprehensive summary of production methods, physicochemical characteristics and immunotoxicity profiles of PCL and glucan particles developed for drug delivery.

Abstract: The discovery of a highly efficient drug delivery system with high biocompatibility and good loading/release properties is a key challenging issue. In the past decade, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great interest as drug delivery systems (DDSs), due to their high porosity, tunable functionality, and large drug loading capacities. Herein, we report the potential use of a new family of biocompatible MOFs called bio-MOFs synthesized from bio-based ligands and water-based synthesis for drug delivery. We propose a facile method to synthesize MIP-202 (bio-based Zr-MOF) built from Zr metal nodes and aspartic acid as an amino acid ligand. The efficiency of loading tetracycline hydrochloride drug onto MIP-202 and UiO-66-NH₂ has been carefully studied. Characterization techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy have been used for structural and morphological confirmation. The loading capacity of tetracycline hydrochloride on UiO-66-NH₂ was determined to be higher than MIP-202 reaching up to 50.3%. The results provide an investigated insight into the utilization of bio-based MOFs as drug carriers for tetracycline hydrochloride.

Abstract: Mesoporous silica nanocomposite (MSNC) with a wall thick of around 10 nm were created using Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as the inorganic template. In accordance with the results of SEM and BET analysis, MSNC were homogenous spherical particles with good dispersion, and their specific surface area it possible that Ibuprofen will become stuck within the MSNC carrier. Loading of drug shows a decline in a surface area from 225.08 to 69.25 m² g^-1, pore volume from 0.56 to 0.13cm g^-1 and the pore diameter from 7.96 to 6.74 nm correspondingly. The amount of Ibuprofen entrapped in the carrier was measured by UV spectroscopy and total glycerol (TG) measurement, respectively. It was determined pore size distribution of MSNC changed before and after Ibuprofen entrapment. The release profile of Ibuprofen from MSNC was characterised by a three-stage pattern with an influence on the time between each stage.

Abstract: The new update in advancement in nanotechnology has engaged to develop a new nanomaterial with a different functional property. The morphology modification of nanoparticles has exhibited excellent physio-chemical properties such as high reactivity and absorption rate, photochemical and magnetic property, and larger surface area. Moreover, biomedical application of nanoparticles are yet a hard tool to use for therapeutic application owing to its limits such as Pitiable target specificity, bio-compatibility, low photostability, toxicity to organically, poor blood retention and cellular absorption. Therefore advancement in nanotechnology is required to overcome these defects. In this background, new nanomaterials are identified with suitable biological, chemical and physical properties, which suits the required demands of the application. In this mini-review, we have covered the recent focuses of nanomaterials for biomedical application.