Papers by Keyword: Drug Delivery

Abstract: Patients must take significant doses of drugs to acquire the therapeutic effects required for disease therapy due to the absence of selectivity and accessibility of medicinal molecules. Drugs contain a range of drug carriers that are available to transport therapeutic chemicals to the targeted issues in the body. Mesoporous materials are choice for overcoming the aforementioned issues and producing effects in a predictable and long-term way. Because of its chemical characteristics, thermal stability, & biocompatibility, mesophoric nanoparticles are commonly utilized as release reagents. The innovative silica mesophore technology allows for efficient drug loading and administration after the target site has been reached. The additives used to manufacture MSNs can affect the property of mesoporous materials, including pore width, porosity, drug load, and surface characteristics. The need for an active surface provides for surface treatment as well as the coupling of therapeutic substances. They are widely employed in the bio-medical industry for diagnosis, target medication administration, bio-sensing, cellular absorption, and so on. The purpose of this study is, to sum up the existing level of information about mesoporous nanomaterials and their applications in diverse healthcare sectors.

Abstract: The sudden emergence of novel coronavirus CoVID-19 in China during the end of last year and its outburst all around the globe thereafter have raised serious questions about their instant management and diagnostic measures as it is infecting humans around in an exponential manner. The implementation of nanotechnology could perhaps ingenerate the rising distress due to the spread of the disease as the conventional antiviral drugs just control the symptoms. Nanoparticles drug delivery systems are engineered technologies that use nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and controlled release of therapeutic agents. Nanoparticles based approach can replace the treatment with a more promising one that could meet these challenges. Understanding molecular pathogenesis of CoVID-19 infection is very important to exploit the nanoparticles to fight against it. A lot of nanostructures have been developed with antiviral and antibacterial properties for a variety of drug delivery and biomedical applications. The need of the hour is to exploit nano research to develop effective diagnostics tools, drugs, vaccines to treat and prohibit infection. In this paper an attempt has been made to understand the role and potential of various nanoparticles to inhibit CoVID-19 infection and its toxicity effects.

Abstract: The drug loading capability and inherent cytotoxicity of mesoporous silica particles are two prime considerations for targeted drug delivery applications. In current study, uncoated mesoporous silica (UMS) carrier particles were synthesized by sol-gel emulsion approach. The morphology and structure of UMS was thoroughly characterized using atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements reveal that mono dispersed silica particles have an average size of 250 nm with narrow size distribution. The pore size was measured as 47nm. Concentration dependent biocompatibility of UMS was evaluated using MTT assay with Hep-2c cancer cell line and cell viability of ~65% at concentrations of 7.5 nM was observed. Finally, the drug loading capability of UMS carrier was studied using ibuprofen as a model drug.

Abstract: Phase inversion in situ forming matrix is one of the promising drug delivery systems for periodontitis treatment owing to the prospective high antimicrobial agent level in the gingival crevicular fluid. Typically, this drug delivery system is a fluid polymeric solution that could change simultaneously to matrix-like after injection into aqueous physiological environment. The main propose of the current study was to achieve successful development of antibacterial agent-incorporated cholesterol phase inversion in situ forming matrix for crevicular pocket delivery. In this study, cholesterol was used as a fat matrix former, while N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) was used as the solvent and menthol was used as co-solvent. The 10%w/w metronidazole or doxycycline hyclate was employed as the active compounds. The developed formula were evaluated for viscosity and rheological behavior, antimicrobial activity using cup agar diffusion method and in vitro drug release using dialysis tube method. The consistency index from rheological test of doxycycline hyclate and metronidazole-loaded in situ forming matrices was not significantly different (p<0.05). Interestingly, the viscosity of all formula was quite low; thus, this characteristic provoked an ease of injection. They inhibited against Porphyromonas gingivalis efficiently more than cholesterol in situ forming matrix base (p<0.05). Drug release from systems loaded with doxycycline hyclate and metronidazole were rapid and nearly not different. Owing to the apparent efficiently inhibition against Porphyromonas gingivalis the in situ forming matrix loading doxycline hyclate was selected for further development to minimize the burst release and to prolong the drug release.

Abstract: The high surface area per unit volume and core-shell configuration of electrospun nanofiber mat has a potential for drug delivery applications. Co-axial electrospinning technique resolves the limitation in the traditional transdermal drug delivery materials allowing to load a larger concentration of therapeutic agents per unit mass of the polymer. Encapsulating the drug in the fiber core provides protection and prolonged drug release. In the present study mats of core-shell PVA/PVP-FeOOH nanofibers were successfully formed by the coaxial electrospinning process for the first time. The visible light responsive FeOOH drug carrier material was incorporated in fiber core to provide non-invasive drug release on demand. The prepared materials posses visible light triggered release of organic methylene blue molecules.

Abstract: Site specific drug delivery systems (DDS) are usually developed to overcome the side effects of conventional ones (e.g. injections or oral ingestions), creating smart drug delivery vehicles characterized with greater efficiency, safety, predictable therapeutic response as well as controlled and prolonged drug release periods. DDS made of hyaluronic acid (HA) and poly-L-lysine (PLL) are promising candidates in the field of local drug delivery due to their high biocompatibility. Moreover, electrostatic attractions between negatively charged HA and positively charged PLL can be used to fabricate multilayer films, bilayer films and hydrogels, avoiding the application of toxic crosslinking agents. In this review, we report the preparation of HA/PLL composites exploiting their intrinsic properties, as well as developed composite application possibilities as controlled drug delivery systems in bone tissue, central nervous system and gene engineering.

Abstract: Recently, drug nanoparticles formulation using Poly Lactic Acid-Cellulose nanocrystal (PLA-CNC) have been introduced. PLA-CNC were prepared by emulsion method for antidiabetic drug delivery applications. PLA is one of polymer which potentially used as raw material of drug delivery because it has the ability to bind and carry drugs into cell target, but the hydrophilic character of PLA can cause the degradation of PLA in the body run slowly, so it is necessary combining PLA with CNC to improve its property. In this study, special attention has been given to the modification of PLA-CNC as a drug delivery matrix to obtain the optimum drug release of antidiabetic drugs. In this study drug release analysis was conducted at 35-39 °C and pH range 3 to 9 with varied of time dissolution 0 to 180 min. PLA-CNC matrixs were characterized using FTIR and SEM, its drug loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release behavior was determined by using UV spectrophotometer. It gave the initial burst release at the first hour at 37 °C pH 3.

Abstract: Skeletal disorders, caused by trauma, disease, or carcinoma, may result in tissue loss and, finally, in endoprosthesis. Tissue engineering offers an alternative - tissue scaffolds. Its constructs may be seeded with autologous cells or, alternatively, attract cells from the surrounding tissues. Such a scaffold must meet several requirements, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and suitable morphology for cell attachment and proliferation. Nonetheless, scaffold should stimulate cells migrated from the surrounding tissues to infiltrate the scaffold, proliferate and differentiate to the required cell type. In the current study, we developed a fibrous scaffold with 3D structure using emulsion centrifugal spinning. The scaffold from poly-ɛ-caprolactone contained a cocktail of growth factors, i.e. TGF-β, IGF and bFGF. The released growth factors enhanced cell proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation. The scaffold is a promising material for skeletal tissue engineering.

Abstract: As the nanotechnology rapidly develops, the combination of nanotechnology and biotechnology to build nanoparticles with biological functionalization has brought new opportunities for the development and application of biomedical diagnosis. Many new non-viral drug/gene vectors were constructed by using nanoparticles as drug/gene carriers, especially by making conventional inorganic materials into nanoparticles and performing functional modifications. In this paper, the physical and chemical properties, preparation methods and application in drug/gene transport of several nanomaterials including mesoporous silica nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, dendrimers, graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes are reviewed respectively. At the same time, the merit and dismerit of different nanocarriers and their application scenarios are compared. It has been found that the excellent biocompatibility and large specific surface area of inorganic nanomaterials have great potential for drug/gene delivery. Although there are many bottlenecks and challenges for nanomaterials to settle during drug delivery development and industrial production, the improvement of inorganic nanomaterials and the development of new nanocarriers can promote the wider progress of nanocarriers in drug/gene transport.

Abstract: The most important components of living cells such as carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids are the polymeric molecules. Nature utilizes polymers both as constructive elements and as a part of the complicated cell machinery of living things. The rapid advancement in biomedical research has led to many creative applications for biocompatible polymers. With the development of newer and more potent drugs, a parallel expansion in more sophisticated drug delivery systems becomes mandatory. Smart polymeric drug-delivery systems have the ability to respond to environmental changes and consequently, alter their properties reversibly enabling an efficient and safe drug delivery. This review comprehensively discusses various aspects of these polymers classified in different categories as per the type of stimulus.