Papers by Keyword: Drug Release

Abstract: This article describes the development and characterization of a curcumin-loaded alginate-xanthan gum hydrogel, designed to provide both antibacterial activity and controlled drug release.The hydrogel formulation consisted of 4% (w/v) alginate, 4% (w/v) xanthan gum, and 500 μg/mL of curcumin. Sterilization was achieved through ethanol immersion, UV irradiation, and autoclaving, with the latter two methods proving to be the most effective in maintaining long-term sterility. Antibacterial efficacy was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, demonstrating a significant inhibition zone around the hydrogel. The curcumin release profile indicated a sustained release over 72 hours, suggesting its suitability for prolonged antibacterial applications.

Abstract: Nanocomposite hydrogels using poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) as matrix, cellulose nanosphere (CNS) as reinforcing filler, and ibuprofen as model drug was prepared by UV-curing. Gel content was found to decrease with the addition of CNS to the hydrogel matrix. The water uptake analysis demonstrated that the hydrogels exhibit a higher water absorption over time when CNS is present. Entrapment efficiency analysis showed that ibuprofen was entrapped uniformly in the nanocomposite hydrogels. Drug release tests revealed that the inclusion of CNS caused a delay in the initial burst release of ibuprofen from the polymeric system. The drug's migration into the dissolution fluid is determined by the rate at which water infiltrates and the erosion of the hydrogel. Incorporating CNS into the hydrogel matrix enhances its density and creates attractive forces for the drug, hence enhancing the properties of the hydrogel matrix.

Abstract: This study developed the synthesis of Mg_0.5Fe_2.5O₄/chitosan nanocomposite and its application as a drug delivery system. Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), as a model drug, was adsorbed onto the surface of the Mg_0.5Fe_2.5O₄/Chitosan nanocomposite, and its loading and release efficiency was observed using UV-Vis spectroscopy. After synthesizing Mg_0.5Fe_2.5O₄/chitosan nanocomposite, various analytical devices were used to qualify and quantify the nanocomposite, including XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, and VSM. The XRD results showed that the Mg dopant was well inserted into the Fe₃O₄ without forming Mg or its oxide phases. The Mg dopant caused shifting of most Fe₃O₄ peaks to lower angles due to the larger atomic radius of Mg (173 pm) compared to Fe (126 pm). The presence of surfactant was confirmed by FTIR spectrum, indicated by the presence of C-H, C=O, C=C, and O-H bonds at wavenumbers 1339, 1735, 1606, and 3460 cm^-1, respectively. An N-H bond from chitosan was also located at a wavenumber of 3271 cm^-1. Mg_0.5Fe_2.5O₄/Chitosan had a spherical shape that tended to agglomerate due to the nanoparticles. VSM characterization results showed the Mg_0.5Fe_2.5O₄/chitosan nanocomposite was superparamagnetic with a saturation magnetization value of 33.84 emu/g. The drug loading experiment showed that the loaded DOX reached 90% and successfully released the drug rapidly by the burst effect in the drug delivery system.

Abstract: A phycocolloidal hydrogel patch is studied as a potential material for the transdermal delivery device for vitamin B12. The vitamin release kinetics from an agar/κ-carrageenan hydrogel blend as a function of mass ratio and vitamin loading. Concentration measurements were done using a colorimetric method, and the experimental data were fitted into the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, Peppas-Sahlin model, and Berens-Hopfenberg model. From the curve fitting, parameters such as first-order polymer relaxation constant and diffusivity constant were obtained. The results showed that for the Korsmeyer-Peppas model and the Peppas-Sahlin model, the release mechanism followed Fickian diffusion predominantly. On the other hand, the Berens-Hopfenberg model fit shows that the release mechanism predominantly follows non-Fickian diffusion and may need to be modified.

Abstract: The cinnamon essential oil has antibacterial characteristic and sensitive to light and oxygen [1]. Due to its benefits from cinnamaldehyde, this compound has already used for antibacterial agent injected in polymer film [2]. Films are usually made from natural polymers as their main materials such as pectin. This research observed the influence of calcium chloride addition (0; 0.01; 0.02; and 0.03 g/mL solution) in the physical characteristics of pectin based edible films using the immersion method. The results indicated that calcium chloride content did not effect significantly. On the other hand, increasing calcium chloride content increased the water sorption of phosphate buffer saline solution and 0.03 g/mL of calcium chloride offered the lowest water sorption. Addition of cinnamaldehyde affected the surface morphology of the film and gave the crystal structure on the surface.

Abstract: Crude turmeric extract (CTE), which is a natural substance, is obtained from Curcuma Longa L. This substance is widely used in pharmaceutical application because of its ability to treat various diseases. Dermatitis is one of the many diseases that can be treated by CTE due to their inhibition of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. CTE has short half-life and easy to degradation. Therefore, protection has to be applied on CTE to prevent from decomposition before applying to skin. This research mainly focuses on preparation of CTE loaded poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (PAMAA) hydrogel microspheres (HM) at 9:1, 8:2 and 7:3 mole ratios and investigation of the releasing profile of CTE from microsphere. The particle size distribution of PAMAA microsphere that is analyzed by SEM found that mole ratios of PAMAA with 9:1, 8:2 and 7:3 showed the narrow particle distribution with average particle size at 28.1±7.4, 25.5±6.6 and 23.2±5.5 respectively. Thermal decomposition property of PAMAA is confirmed by TGA and HM swelling ratios are confirmed by weight indicated that the percentage swelling ratios of PAMAA with 9:1, 8:2 and 7:3 mole ratios is 1500, 1230 and 780 respectively. CTE releasing profiles are confirmed by UV-Vis in the media solutions of PBS pH 8.5 and NaOH pH 12.

Abstract: Spherical calcium-alginate gel beads containing HAIO, iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles embedded on hydroxapatite (HA), were prepared along with and poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAM) or chitosan. These spheres, HAIO, HAIO-PNIPAAM and HAIO-chitosan spheres, were used as carriers of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), one of the drugs for cancer chemical therapy, and the 5-FU release behavior in PBS solution was investigated at ambient and elevated temperatures using U-V spectrometry. The amount of the released 5-FU from the HAIO spheres was somewhat higher than that from HAIO-PNIPAAM and HAIO-chitosan spheres at ambient temperature. At elevated temperature, HAIO spheres showed an increase in quantity of released 5-FU. The amount of released 5-FU from HAIO-PNIPAAM spheres was almost the same, and that from HAIO-chitosan spheres was reduced compared to those at ambient temperature. These spheres, HAIO, HAIO-PNIPAAM and HAIO-chitosan spheres, show the similar swelling properties at elevated temperature. However, the combinations of Ca-alginate - PNIPAAM or Ca-alginate - chitosan may produce the different structures, which are core-shell network for HAIO-PNIPAAM spheres and or a polyelectrolyte complex for HAIO-chitosan spheres, leading to a different release behavior of 5-FU.

Abstract: Clindamycin (CM) is the one of antibacterial drugs that can be used to treat acne vulgaris. The commercial products in form of solutions, creams, and gels cannot provide the exact amount of the drug and constant drug release. Transdermal patches present an attractive point for reducing this limitation and there is no commercial transdermal patch containing CM available in the market nowadays. The purposes of this study were to develop CM loaded transdermal patches for the treatment of acne and to investigate the physical properties and drug release profile of the CM from the transdermal patches. The transdermal patch was prepared using 10% HPMC. The types and concentrations of additives (glycerin, polyethylene glycol(PEG) or propylene glycol (PG)), were varied to improve the properties of the patches. The physical appearances including the translucent, color thickness and weight of the patches were recorded. The mechanical properties and skin adhesion of the patches were determined by a texture analyzer. The polymorphism of CM in the patches and the release profile of CM from the patches were investigated by X-ray diffraction and Franz diffusion cell, respectively. CM transdermal patches were translucent. The weight and thickness of the patches increased as the amount of additive increased. Glycerin and PG decreased the strength of the patches, while PEG increased the hardness. Adding CM to the patches increased the hardness and decreased the elasticity of the patches. The internal structure of CM loaded into the patches was an amorphous form. The CM patches exhibited some adhesion properties when contacted with the porcine skin. The release of CM from the patches was found to be 71-108% within 60 minutes. The patch prepared from 10% HPMC, 15% Glycerin, and 5% PG displayed the highest release rate. In conclusion, the CM loaded HPMC patches presented desirable properties, which could be used as a transdermal patch for the treatment of acne.

Abstract: We developed a one-pot method for the fabrication of hydrogel-based photonic crystal (PC) materials. An array of monodisperse colloids was self-assembled within a polymer solution, which generates a visible light diffractable photonic mixture. This mixture was molded and gelated into a hydrogel PC material by freeze-thaw treatment. Drug release as well as the structure colour changing properties of the PC hydrogels were discussed, and the experiment results revealed that our one-pot design and the associated modification approach has potential in efficient fabrication of PC materials.

Abstract: Osteoarthritis is an important disease of elderly people. Mangosteen seed powder is one candidate to be used as a biomaterial like commercial glucosamine due to chemical composition and chemical structure. It can be added into natural rubber patches acted as transdermal or drug delivery on skin to relieve pain. The obtained rubber patches added mangosteen seed powder are low wetting contact angle 80.8° and high mechanical properties (44.1385±1.2698 MPa tensile strength and 818.6967±76.4477% elongation at break).