Papers by Keyword: EAP

Abstract: This paper presents a review of some of the applications for artificial muscle and several material of artificial muscle. We focus attention on the polymer material artificial muscle, which responds to electrical stimulation with a significant change in shape or size. Through our research on a variety of materials and the analysis of the mechanical properties of muscle movement, finally we designed the artificial muscle device the imitation of muscles stretching device. This article describes the structure and performance of the device.

Abstract: Humanoids are increasingly becoming capable biologically inspired robots that are appearing and behaving lifelike. Making humanlike robots is the ultimate challenge to biomimetics and, while for many years they were considered a science fiction, such robots are increasingly becoming engineering reality. Progress in producing such robots are allowing them to perform impressive functions and tasks. In 2012, in an effort to promote significant advances in developing humanoids, DARPA posed a Robotic Challenge to produce such robots that operate in disaster scenarios towards making society more resilient. The challenge was focused on the requirements that have been needed after the Fukushima accident in Japan, hoping to advance the field of disaster robotics. This disaster posed significant challenges to emergency responders since radiation prevented people from going into the station and venting the explosive gas. Another significant development in this field is the fact that major US corporations have entered into the race to produce commercial humanoids. As a result, one can expect significant and rapid progress in this field. Developing humanoids is critically dependent of the use of highly efficient, compact, lightweight actuators and electroactive materials are offering great potential. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of humanlike robots, potential applications and challenges, as well as the actuation materials that are used or could be used.

Abstract: Electroactive polymer transducers have many features that are desirable for various devices. An especially attractive type of electroactive polymer is dielectric elastomer (DE). Our recent progress is a DE actuator having only 0.1 g of DE that lifted a weight of 2 kg using carbon system electrodes. We also developed a ribbon form DE actuator having a sensor function that can be used to measure force, or pressure, as well as motion at the same time. This actuator can assist human and robot motions. At the same time, it can work as a motion feedback sensor. We hope that it may be useful for smart rehabilitation equipment for hands, legs, and fingers. DE has also been shown to operate in reverse as a generator. Experiments have been performed on portable DE generators/wearable generators powered by human motion, ocean wave power harvesters mounted on buoys, solar heat generators, and water turbines. While the power output levels of such demonstration devices is small, the performance of these devices has supported the potential benefits of DE. We are developing elastomers having larger dielectric constant using barium titanium oxide to produce a “super artificial muscle for energy harvesting devices, actuators & sensors” in the near future.

Abstract: The portable terminal such as iPad, WIFI phone has limited computing power and transmission bandwidth compared with specialized computer, which is difficult to implement key cryptography algorithm with large amount of calculation question. This paper introduces a new EAP authentication method based on EAP-SAKE using hash function. Analysis result shows that the method can provide mutual authentication and key negotiation between peers,and can resist replay attack and man-in-middle attack.It has less communication load and computing amount, so it is more suitable for protecting the information security to portable mobile terminal which has limited resource in WLAN.

Abstract: The existing Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) based handover authentication schemes have show robust security features especially the Qi Jing et al.'s design, which not only meets the essential security requirements in handover authentication but also achieves privacy preservation. However, it still suffers pitfalls in the process of authentication. The main idea of this paper is to extend the work by Qi Jing et al. and particularly focus on the formal analysis using extending BAN logic which is more concise yet practical to use on PKI-based protocols.

Abstract: This paper presents an overview of ionic polymer metal composites (IPMC), various properties improving techniques employed in the last decade and its potential applications. IPMC consists of a polymer membrane sandwiched by metal electrodes. On application of a small voltage, it bends towards anode. Due to its low activation voltage requirement (1-3V), low weight, high flexibility and ability to take any shape, IPMC has attracted the attention of researchers whose current aim include enhancing the force output to make them applicable for use in industrial, underwater SONARS, energy harvesting and biomedical fields. This paper provides an overview of the efforts made by the research community over the last decade, the identified applications with the references for elaborated study.

Abstract: The application of electroative polymer devices requires the availability of their propertis at various operating conditions. Cellulose based Electro-Active Paper (EAPap) has been studied as an attractive EAP material for artificial muscles due to its low cost, availability, light weight, large displacement output, low actuation voltage and low power consumption. It is investigated which the underlying mechanism is responsible for their strain-field response. The understanding of the actuation mechanism of this material is important in order to improve the performance and also to better target the application. To physically investigate the actuation mechanism of EAPap, several tests are performed. TSC current showed an evidence of ionic migration effect. Thus, we conclude ionic migration effect associated with dipole moment of cellulose paper ingredients. These effects maybe depend on environmental condition.

Abstract: Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) is a universal authentication framework defined by RFC3748 and updated by RFC5247. It is not a specific authentication mechanism for exclusive system and then the widespread acceptance and implementation in wireless networks or other Point-to-Point (P2P) connections. A number of vendor specific EAP methods were proposed for special purpose such as EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, EAP-PEAP, LEAP, SPEKE, EAP-SIM, EAP-AKA, EAP-FAST, and so on. All of them have a common characteristic that the client submitted his Security Association (SA) to the neighbor Access Point (AP), then AP forward it to identify his validity by Authentication Authorization Accounting (AAA) server of both sides. Although these EAPs are design to meet the widespread authentication demands. But in fact they have the independent authentication procedure respectively. That is they are incompatible with each other. For mobile devices, in order to meet the needs of different connection it had to support many of the EAPs. This situation for the most mobile devices is a heavy load and result the inconvenient which move in the different service network. This paper devotes in solves this situation. For this goal, an extensible authentication protocol for mobile equipment to heterogeneous network (EAP-M2H) is provided in the paper. EAP-M2H development from the EAP-AKA and improve their applicability and compatibility in heterogeneous network.

Abstract: Technologies for space applications are often considered to be rather conservative, aimed at ensuring reliability and robustness. Nevertheless, novel concepts coming from research activities have been and are always the lymph for the development of successful and competitive new solutions. This paper presents new concepts and ideas inspired by natural systems with distributed actuation embedded in their structure, considered as ideal models for possible uses in space applications. Preliminary concepts for possible technical solutions for long-term future implementations are here proposed and briefly analyzed. Peristaltic-like actuations obtained by the use of dielectric elastomer actuators is proposed as one of the most promising solutions. Experimental performances of a single actuation unit are here presented and directions for future implementations are proposed.

Abstract: Dielectric elastomer (DE) actuators are able to typically show significant electromechanical performances, which make this electroactive polymer technology particularly attractive for so-called ‘artificial muscle’ devices. This paper deals with two types of DE actuators recently developed in our lab. The first type is represented by the so-called ‘folded actuators’, based on a simple configuration suitable to easily implement linear contractile devices. The structure consists of a monolithic electroded sheet of elastomer, which is folded up and compacted; the resulting contractile actuator is functionally equivalent to a multilayer stack with interdigitated electrodes, but can be manufactured more easily. The second type of devices is represented by the so-called ‘buckling actuators’. They operate with out-of-plane unidirectional displacements of an elastomer membrane. This paper describes the structure and the properties of both these actuators, along with different examples of applications currently being developed in our lab for the biomedical, the robotic and the space fields.