Papers by Keyword: EDS

Abstract: Steel 22MnB5 is widely used in the automotive industry for manufacturing high-strength structural car body parts. To achieve desired mechanical properties, hot-stamping is used, during which the Al-Si coating plays a critical protective role against oxidation. This study investigates the structural evolution of the Al-Si coating under various austenitization durations at 920 °C. Intermetallic phase formation and coating morphology are analyzed.

Abstract: As aerospace, nuclear engineering, and other high-technology industries continue to advance, the demands for material properties have grown more stringent. Strengthened via the intrinsic thermally stable element tungsten (W) with the ductile γ phase, tungsten heavy alloys (WHAs) have emerged as critical materials for extreme service conditions in multiple fields due to their high density, outstanding strength, radiation resistance, and excellent high-temperature performance. However, their application is limited by certain drawbacks such as high temperature/irradiation conditions, interfacial weakening and room-temperature brittleness. This study investigates the effect of annealing on the microstructural evolution and hardness behaviour of W-Ni-Fe and W-Ni-Cu alloys through the Vickers hardness tests, crystal structure, morphology and elemental distribution analysis. The W-Ni-Fe and W-Ni-Cu alloys exhibit remarkable hardness stability during annealing, with less affected by temperature, confirming the excellent thermal stability. W-Ni-Fe alloys exhibit softening phenomena during high-temperature annealing, while the W-Ni-Cu alloys demonstrate enhanced hardness through annealing. This discrepancy is originally caused by the differences in the diffusion behaviour of the two binder phases (NiFe/NiCu) at elevated temperatures and their distinct interfacial interaction mechanisms with the W matrix.

Abstract: Within this work, the effect of high dose Al ion implantation on 4H-SiC epitaxial layer is displayed. Through TEM investigation it is demonstrated that the implanted surface is suitable as seed for subsequent epitaxial regrowth generating a crystal free of extended defects. In order to assess the defects within the projected range of the ion implanted area, High Angle Annular Dark Field STEM (HAADF-STEM) analyses were performed demonstrating the atomic arrangement of the lattice in correspondence of the dislocation loop and the deviation of the crystallographic planes of 4H-SiC, driven by stress relaxation, that determine the staircase configuration of the implant pattern. Further emphasis is given to the detailed analysis of the precipitates atomic structure, whose preferential localization is ascertained. Using Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, the precipitate is finally established as Al crystal with an FCC structure.

Abstract: Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is a widely synthesized nanomaterial used for various applications. The present report deals with the synthesis and characterization of Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized by a sol–gel method using aqueous solutions of titanium isopropoxide, isopropanol, ethanol, nitric acid, and deionized water. The precursor solutions were prepared by the addition of titanium isopropoxide and isopropanol with an increase in temperature and isopropanol with nitric acid and deionized water with continuous stirring in a magnetic stirrer. The formed gel was further kept for drying in a hot air oven at a certain temperature for one hour and kept in the open for one day. The dried gel was further put for calcination in a hot air oven and muffled furnaces. The calcined powders were further crushed and ground using mortar and pestle. Multiple iterations of this synthesis were carried out with variations in the amount of precursors used, the chemical used, and submission to heat treatment. The resulting powders were then subjected to Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDS) to understand the chemical characterization of the sample.

Abstract: Aluminum alloys are becoming increasingly popular due to their potential to offer superior durability while being lower in weight. Most industrial sectors, including transportation, aviation, marine, automotive, and others, have a strong interest in light-weight components, particularly in the transportation industry. Traditional joining techniques have a negative impact on the joining of these lightweight industrial materials, necessitating the development of new environmentally friendly joining methods. The lap joint of Al 2024-T3 and Al 7075-T6 alloys is done utilizing friction stir welding (FSW) with tool rotational speed (TRS) and tool travel speed (TTS) as process parameters. In addition, a tensile and microhardness test was performed to determine the mechanical characteristics of the weld joints. For FSW joints, the hardness of the stir zone at the weld center at 1000 RPM and 40 mm/min is 151.86 Hv. Carbon inclusion in the stir zone is demonstrated by EDS investigation of tool material dispersion in the weld region.

Abstract: The chromium oxide powders are transformed into plasma sprayable particles by using synthetic polymers for agglomeration. In order to carry out the agglomeration process, spray drying technique was employed. This research work highlights the significance of the process variables that control the synthesis of plasma spray powder and consequently, the properties that were suited for plasma spray coating. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) was used to characterize the elemental composition, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyse the morphology and powder grain sizes and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the phase structure. And for the development of coatings on the substrates, Atmospheric plasma spray (APS) technique was used. The plasma sprayable powders were created with the intention of investigating for use as corrosion-resistant coatings.

Abstract: This study aims to produce and characterize CaO (calcium oxide) from limestone, a natural product of Lobong Village. Calcination is the thermal decomposition of limestone to remove carbon so that it can produce calcium oxide. One of the functions of CaO is as an eco-friendly catalyst that does not produce toxic or hazardous waste and can be reused. CaO resulting from the calcination process at a temperature of 900°C for 1.5 h was characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR, and EDS. XRD analysis of calcined limestone produced 2θ (h k l) diffraction peaks, namely 32.228^o (1 1 1), 37.389^o (2 0 0), 53.864^o (2 2 0), 64.169^o (3 1 1), and 67.404^o (2 2 2) which indicates the dominance of CaO. SEM analysis shows that the morphological structure of Lobong limestone after calcination is more porous than before. Studies by FTIR show that the chemical bonds of carbonate groups in the calcined limestone are decreasing. EDS analysis also shows that the mapping of carbon, which forms carbonates in calcined limestone, is decreasing.

Abstract: At room temperature, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles co-doped with praseodymium (Pr) and copper (Cu) using a low-cost chemical co-precipitation method. As a capping agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used for synthesizing the nanosamples, and a pH of 9 was maintained. The synthesis of nanosamples was then characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and photoluminescence (PL). X-ray diffraction studies revealed the wurtzite hexagonal structure of ZnO, and no impurity peaks were found. The particle size obtained from XRD studies was 32 to 46 nm and is well supported by TEM. SEM micrographs demonstrated the surface morphology of the samples. With Cu dopant concentration, Pr-doped ZnO nanosamples exhibited enhanced luminescence properties.

Abstract: Titanium matrix composites (TMCs) have a greater capacity to realize needs and wishes in aviation, modern firearm systems, and the locomotive sector due to the outstanding specific strength, higher temperature stability, particular stiffness, and resistance to corrosion. However, due to weak tribological characteristics and low hardness, titanium and its alloys' applicability in harsh friction and wear environments are severely constrained. The goal of this research is to improve the wear properties of Ti6Al4V-based hybrid composites reinforced with TiB₂(7.5%) + TiC (7.5%). The dry sliding characteristic of powder metallurgy Ti6Al4V alloy and Ti6Al4V/ TiB2(7.5%) + TiC (7.5%) powder metallurgy composites was examined. The wear and friction behaviour of TMCs are explored utilising a pin-on-disk wear tester in a variety of circumstances. The results show that when the sliding speed increases, the particular wear rate increases as well. With the assistance of a Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy(EDS), the impact of TiB2 and TiC enhancement on titanium alloy microstructure as well as wear parameters were investigated. The wear resistance of the Ti6Al4V matrix was found to be increased by adding TiB2 and TiC to the sterilised Ti6Al4V matrix.

Abstract: Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) is a hybrid method used to generate micro-features in hard and brittle materials (glass, ceramics, and composites) in aerospace, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and microfluidic applications. A significant improvement was observed in ECDM process but the effect of the process on the health of working operator are rarely investigated. Sustainability in manufacturing is a major concern for a better environment and safety of human operators. In this paper, analysis of fumes mass concentration (FMC), size and morphology of fume particles, and composition of fume particles along with their biological effects are studied during ECDM of CFRP composites. FMC was calculated by varying the concentration of electrolyte from 20 to 50% and duty cycle from 60 to 90% for a fixed sampling duration of 30 minutes. SEM images indicated the presence of spherical, irregular, and loosely packed fumes particles in the fumes generated during machining. EDS was also performed to study the chemical composition of fumes particles.