Papers by Keyword: Ecology

Abstract: Plastic pollution remains a critical environmental and public health challenge. Bioplastics have emerged as a promising alternative to reduce the adverse impacts of petroleum-based plastics. Among renewable biomass sources, macroalgae, particularly seaweeds, stand out due to their high biomass yields, cost-effectiveness, and ease of cultivation. For an island nation like Sri Lanka, seaweed-based bioplastics present a unique opportunity to advance sustainability while strengthening the economy. Sri Lanka already has an established seaweed farming industry, primarily exporting dried seaweeds, which could be expanded into value-added bioplastic production. Several studies project a significant global increase in bioplastic demand by 2028, underscoring the potential market. With its year-round cultivation potential, rich marine biodiversity, and proximity to major Asian markets, Sri Lanka is well-positioned to become a competitive player in the regional bioplastics industry. This review examines bioplastic production from seaweeds, with a focus on its applicability, benefits, and strategic relevance for Sri Lanka as a developing country.

Abstract: Ukraine has accumulated a large amount of industrial waste. The paper presents the results of the behavior of a mixture of waste dolomite and waste coal during heating. During the operation of enterprises a large amount of “waste” - small fractions of dolomite, which are in the dumps, has been accumulated. Waste is a valuable raw material for production of dolomite binders - lime and cement. Dolomite waste is used for comparison. Comparative analysis showed: energy consumption decreases. Reduction of energy costs indicates reduced fuel consumption for the process. The analysis of reduction of operational costs as a result of replacement of high-calorie fuel by coal preparation waste is carried out. Reduction of operational costs is shown when using dolomite waste instead of dolomite. The economic calculation of reduction of operational costs as a result of replacement of high-calorie fuel by coal preparation wastes is carried out.

Abstract: Environmentally targeted regulation of material and energy flows in the regional area, which is part of the philosophy of industrial ecology, should be considered taking into account both the welfare of the population and economic interests. Thinking of logistics as the science of managing complex flows in networks provides a scientific basis for logistics and industrial ecology, as well as enabling the movement of resources in socio-economic systems in an economically highly efficient manner. It aimed to achieve the sustainable development goals of industrial systems at different hierarchical levels. These two areas complement each other and create a new integrated development vector for the sustainable development paradigm. In this case, it is very important to understand the concept of management well. Although in both industrial ecology and logistics material flow is studied from physical, environmental and socio-economic perspectives, in logistics it is from physical and socio-economic perspectives. Combining these two components and the foundations of the disciplines will create a new and sustainable basis for policies and mechanisms for the development of regions. In the article, the example of industrial ecology is mentioned as the goals of sustainable development.

Abstract: Current global environmental challenges and, above all, global warming associated with a change in the carbon balance in the atmosphere has led to the need for urgent and rapid search for ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, which primarily include carbon dioxide as a by-product of human activity and technological progress. One of these ways is the creation of industries with a complete cycle of turnover of carbon dioxide. Aluminum is the most sought-after nonferrous metal in the world, but its production is not environmentally safe, so it constantly requires the development of knowledge-intensive technologies to improve the technological process of cleaning and disposal of production waste, primarily harmful emissions into the atmosphere. Another environmental problem related to aluminum production is the formation and accumulation in mud lagoon of huge amounts of so-called highly alkaline "red mud," which is a waste product of natural bauxite raw material processing into alumina - the feedstock for aluminum production. Commonly known resources and technological methods of neutralizing red mud and working with it as ore materials for further extraction of useful components are still not used because of their low productivity and cost-effectiveness. This article describes the negative impact of waste in the form of "red" mud and carbon dioxide of primary aluminum production on the environment. The results showed that thanks to carbonization of red mud using carbon dioxide, it is possible to achieve rapid curing and its compact formation for safer transportation and storage until further use. Strength tests of concrete samples filled with deactivated red mud were also carried out, which showed the prospects of using concrete with magnesia binder.

Abstract: This paper covers the production of ceramic materials from the tailings of ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy without using convention natural materials. The research addresses the dependency of the polymetallic ore tailings, chromite ore tailings, and physico-mechanical properties of ceramic materials based on the clayey portion of zircon-ilmenite ore gravity tailings. The dependency model is based on the actual experimental data and provides an analytical description of the test results as a function. Regression analysis has produced mathematical models for predicting the properties of ceramic mixtures at points not covered by the experiments. The paper presents five model equations to show:– how the content of chromite-ore tailings and polymetallic-ore tailings affects the compressive strength of ceramic bricks;– how the content of chromite-ore tailings and polymetallic-ore tailings affects the bending strength of ceramic bricks;– how the content of chromite-ore tailings and polymetallic-ore tailings affects the frost resistance of ceramic bricks;– how the content of chromite-ore tailings and polymetallic-ore tailings affects the thermal conductivity of ceramic bricks;– how the content of chromite-ore tailings and polymetallic-ore tailings affects the heat resistance of ceramic bricks;The research team has managed to produce ceramic bricks of high physico-mechanical properties from the tailings of ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy without using convention natural materials.

Abstract: During the operation of thermal power plants, boilers, incinerators, vehicles, industrial enterprises for the production of synthetic fatty acids, building materials, paints, textiles, cardboard, paper, as well as resins and products based on them – plywood, chipboards, wood-fiber boards, plastics, etc. The environment is contaminated with formaldehyde. Formaldehyde acts climatically and toxically on local, regional and global processes in the environment and contributes to a high level of air pollution (air pollution index > 14) in almost all industrialized regions of Russia. Products containing formaldehyde, getting into residential and non-residential premises, create an environmental risk to public health. The article is devoted to determining the effect of formaldehyde on woody plants by biochemical and electrophysiological methods and developing a method of reducing the concentration of formaldehyde in the environment by introducing into industrial materials aluminosilicate sorbents of different crystal chemical structure, processed thermo-, in a pulsed magnetic field and under the combined effect of a pulsed magnetic field and temperature effects.

Abstract: Current conditions of new advanced materials production impose the application of industrial wastes from iron-ore deposits as a prospective component for building materials. A great potential of the wastes utilization found in autoclave building materials. Therefore, the effect of the ferriferous mineral admixture hematite Fe₂O₃ as a main component of iron-ore wastes on phase and structure formation in binder under autoclave curing as well as physical and mechanical characteristics was studied in this research. The optimal content of Fe₂O₃ and autoclave regime, forming hydrosilicates with ferrous components inclusion can increase strength performance of autoclave silicate composite. SEM and XRD were used in this study to analyze the microstructural and chemical characteristics. The presence of ferriferous components in the lime-silica binder system causes an increase of low-basic calcium hydrosilicates formation like 11Ǻ-tobermorite as well as formation of ferrous hydrogarnets in form of dendroid aggregates. The optimal amount of the mineral admixture Fe₂O₃ in the lime-silica binder was found to be 5% that provides the 13% boost of compressive strength.

Abstract: Portland cement is a main type of construction materials, however his production does harm to the environment. In article the author has considered prospects of production technologies and the main properties of the eco-friendly knitting materials in the concrete used when constructing facilities different function. Researches have shown that alternative types of eco-friendly materials have the limited fields of use, but can widely be used for construction of roads, airfields, hydraulic engineering constructions already in the nearest future. Speed of their introduction in production will depend on activity and demand of consumers for these types of cement.

Abstract: The article reveals the problem of green areas of the urban environment, which is becoming one of the most topical in Russian cities. The creation of comfortable housing is inextricably linked to the urban situation, the degree of urbanization of the living environment. With the increase in the size of cities, changes in the environmental situation the nature of the connection "housing – environment" is modifying. Activities for the improvement of areas, the organization of environmentally comfortable areas around the houses (the creation of parks, playgrounds in the yard, etc.) and the provision of standards of gardening in the absence of conditions for the usual long-term gardening can be carried out using mobile landscaping. The use of green recreational space in the city improvement allows solving the problem of green areas shortage, and will have a positive impact on the appearance of the city.

Abstract: In this article there are considered such trends in the architecture as biopositivity and archophytomelioration. These trends are consisting in a creation of additional green areas (on the walls or roofs of buildings) what is especially important under the conditions of contemporary world (growth rates of Earth population, construction activities and vegetation clearance). There is also considered a permanent agriculture. The authors are making conclusions concerning advantages and disadvantages of such measures under the point of view both comfort and aesthetics and their economic feasibility.