Papers by Keyword: Egg Shell

Abstract: This article focused on the effect of natural materials on the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Polymer nanocomposite. Fibers and powder underwent treated with an alkaline solution to improve interfacial adhesion. were constructed with the hand lay-up technique with a PMMA/Epoxy blend and natural powders of egg shells and cuttle bone as reinforcements for medical applications in prosthetic arm fabrication. Therefore the cost of raw materials chosen must be important (i.e. economical and cheap for low-income amputees). Consequently, a prosthesis should be comfortable to wear, simple to put on and take off, light weight, long - lasting, and pleasing to the eye in terms of appearance. The polymer mix composition consisted of 25% PMMA and 75% epoxy, together with three distinct concentrations of natural powders (1, 2, and 3 wt.%) relative to the overall composite weight. The cured resin specimen was evaluated for mechanical and physical parameters, including impact strength, flexural strength, hardness, and density. The results demonstrated that the polymer nanocomposite sample achieved peak impact strength values of 12.2 KJ/m² for cuttle bone and 19.48 KJ/m² for eggshell. The flexural strength recorded was 73 MPa for cuttle bone and 71.2 MPa for eggshell, while hardness values were 83.6 for cuttle bone and 83.8 for eggshell at a 3% nanocomposite ratio. Conversely, the other tests of polymer blends (PMMA + Epoxy) using natural fibers (Siwak and flax) attained the highest results. The impact strength of specimens reinforced with siwak fibers significantly exceeds that of specimens reinforced with flax fibers, with flexural strength and hardness of 13.45 KJ/m², 70.6 MPa, and 86.5 shore D, respectively, compared to the base material (PMMA+EP). The density test results demonstrated an elevation in density corresponding to the increasing weight fraction of nanoparticles (eggshell and cuttle bone) in relation to the base material (PMMA+EP). Therefore, these samples may be considered suitable candidates for use as matrix materials that meet the requirements for prosthetic manufacture.

Abstract: Environmentally friendly polymer concrete by utilizing waste has been widely developed, one of which is sugarcane fiber waste and egg shell powder. Utilization of this waste is not optimal, for that by being used as a filler in polymer concrete, it is expected that it will have a higher economic value. This study was to determine the composition of the epoxy resin binder and the mechanical characteristics of polymer concrete fabricated using sugarcane fiber waste with an epoxy resin adhesive. Variations in composition made of sand, egg shells (1 : 1) or (50 g : 50g), bagasse waste 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% of the total weight. Epoxy resin composition variation of 20%, 25% and 30% of the total weight of sand and egg shells. Then carried out the characteristics in the form of density test, water absorption, porosity, compressive strength and tensile strength. From the test results, the characteristics of polymer concrete have optimum values, namely density (1.76 g/cm³), water absorption (4.04%), porosity (5,252%), compressive strength (26,27 MPa), tensile strength (4,06 MPa). Of the three samples, the best in the A5 sample with a sound absorption coefficient of 0.237 met the requirements of ISO and ASTM C.384.

Abstract: The hen egg shells (HES) from EnShi, HuBei Province, China, which contain selenium, are used as adsorbent for the adsorption of lead ion from its aqueous solutions. The selenium in the HES could help to remove lead from its aqueous solution. The HES had been found to be the more efficient in the experiment and removed about 95% of lead from its aqueous solution. The final concentration of lead ion was found lower than the waste water quality standards from the initial concentration of lead ion 100.0 mg/L through these two steps of adsorptions. One gram of the HES can adsorb nearly 31.71±0.040 mg of lead ions. The adsorption kinetics was fitted by first-order model throughout the period. The present adsorption process is spontaneous, indicating HES can be availably used for the removal of lead ions from its aqueous solution.

Abstract: Removal efficiency of heavy metal Cu from acid wastewater using egg shell as adsorbent was investigated. The influence of calcination temperature and dosage of egg shell, as well as pH value on the removal efficiency were discussed to obtain the optimum removal condition. The results show that the removal rate of lead would achieve the best result of 99.56% when we use the egg shells calcined at 400°C,2h, and the content of egg shells is 30g/L, pH=3.0.Using eggshells to treat acid chrome-containing wastewater is simple and easy to be operated, which has application prospects for the process and good treatment effect.

Abstract: The main purpose of this work is to study the structure of Anadara granosa shell sample and its structural transformation upon heat treatments. The sample was ground and characterized as powder throughout this work. Structural identifications of all samples were characterized, and determined qualitatively by using X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetry measurement (TGA). It was found that the specimen is made of aragonite, a common phase of CaCO3 mineral. The powder sample was annealed at specific temperatures over the range of 200°C - 900°C and the effects of heat treatment on the structure of Anadara granosa shell samples were studied. The results show that aragonite transforms to calcite at the temperatures between 200°C and 400°C and completely becomes calcite between 400-500°C. Then, the calcite transforms to calcium oxide at the temperatures between 500°C - 900°C. The exact structures and quantities of phase at different annealing temperatures were studied by Rietveld refinement. In our study, we also used IR spectroscopy and TGA to study the effect of water absorption of the samples on the phase transformation.

Abstract: From biological perspectives, biopolymer - hydroxyapatite nanocomposites for tissue replacement interact with the surrounding in vivo environment chemically, mechanically and morphologically. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a natural ceramic operable as a biocomposite coating to improve the biocompatibility of implant substrates. To fulfill this requierements hydroxyapatite added biodegradable scaffold were prepared by electrospinning method to enhance biological functionality. In this work, firstly a novel synthesis of the hydroxyapatite nanocrystals prepared from eggshell are presented. Polymer based composites were prepared by electrospinning hydroxyapatite with a biocompatible polymer for the development of a structurally stable casing for prosthetic devices.

Abstract: In this research, the eggshell was thermally treated at 700°C for 1-3 hrs and 800°C for 1- 4 hrs. After the treatment, thermally treated eggshell was characterized via X-ray diffraction spectrometer, particle size analyzer and thermogravimetric analyzer. From the XRD patterns, it revealed that calcium carbonate was obtained when chicken eggshell was treated at 700°C. The content of calcium carbonate, however, decreased with increasing heating times and temperature. After the eggshell was heated at 800°C, calcium hydroxide was mainly obtained and eventually when the treatment time was 4 hrs, instead of calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide and calcium oxide were obtained. The size of the treated eggshell was about 0.06 – 878.7 µm depending on the treatment times and temperatures. The size distribution of 800°C-treated eggshell was narrower than that of the 700°C-treated eggshell.

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Abstract: The aim of this paper was the HA and β-TCP powers were synthesized by a new wetchemical method using eggshell and phosphoric acid. The biocompatibility of synthesized natural HA, HA/β-TCP(50:50) and β-TCP derived from eggshell was compared with those of as commercial chemical powder with mesenchymal stem cells derived from human bone marrow. Development of crystalline phases of the mixtures was studied as functions of mixing ratio and temperature using X-ray diffractometer. The morphological characteristics of the calcined eggshell and synthesized powders were examined by scaning electron microscopy. The in-vitro cytotoxicity and cell attachment of sintered disks were examined using human bone marrowderived multipotent stem cells(hBMSCs). Cell response was characterized by MTT assay , Alkaline phosphatase stain and RT-PCR analysis. Pure HA was synthesized in the mixing ratio of 1:1.1 wt% at 900°C for 1h. the crystallization of HA was started at 800°C in the 1:1.1 mixing ratio, ant the HA phase was continued up to the high temperatures. In the ratio of 1:1.3 and 1:1.5 wt%, β-TCP was effectively synthesized at 900°C. In the 1:1.5 ratio, β-TCP phase was detected at 700°C, and complete crystallized β-TCP was observed above 900°C. At the higher temperature than 1000°C, the β-TCP was gradually decreased and α-TCP was observed. The HA and β-TCP disk does not exert cytotoxic effect on the hBMSCs undergoing osteoblastic differentiation. In addition, the hBMSCs are adhered on the surface of synthesized natural HA and β-TCP disk as successfully as on the culture plate or as commercial chemical HA and β-TCP disk. The hBMSCs adhered on either synthesized natural HA, β-TCP or as commercial chemical HA, β-TCP disk displays undistinguishable actin arrangement and cellular phenotypes, indicating that synthesized natural HA, β-TCP does not disrupt normal cellular responses. Analysis of differentiation of the hBMSCs cultured on culture plate, synthesized natural HA, β-TCP and as commercial chemichal HA, β-TCP disk shows that three matrices are able to support osteoblastic differentiation of the hBMSCs as accessed by alkaline phosphatase staining.