Papers by Keyword: Electron Backscattered Pattern (EBSP)

Abstract: The detailed microstructure in front of recrystallization boundaries and their migration during annealing were traced using ex-situ electron backscatter pattern maps of one and the same surface area taken after annealing. It is observed that many protrusions/detrusions form on the recrystallizing boundaries. During annealing, the recrystallization boundary segments migrate in a stop-go type of fashion, while protrusions and detrusions alternately form and disappear. The correlation between the protrusions/detrusions and the stop-go type of migration are briefly discussed.

Abstract: Global and local strained-Si samples, namely strained-Si on insulator (SSOI) wafer and a Si substrate with a patterned SiN film were each evaluated by electron backscattering pattern (EBSP). In the EBSP measurements for SSOI, biaxial tensile stresses (biaxial tensile strains and compressive strain perpendicular to the surface) were obtained, whose values were consistent with those obtained by UV-Raman spectroscopy. One-dimensional stress distributions in the Si substrate with the patterned SiN film were obtained by EBSP, UV-Raman spectroscopy with a deconvolution method, and edge force model calculation. The results were well consistent with each other. EBSP allows us to measure stress and strain in the patterned SiN sample with 150-nm wide space. Furthermore, anisotropic biaxial stress including shear stress was also obtained by EBSP.

Abstract: It is very popular to improve mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Si alloys by adding other element. For example, it is well known that addition of transition metals is useful because the refinement of grain size can be achieved, and with the addition of Cu to Al-Mg-Si alloy can increase the strength and hardness of the materials. Also, there are a few reports about the addition of Ag, which is particularly good for elongation. However, even now it has not been clarified yet why Cu and Ag are useful in improving alloys elongation. In this work, we have investigated the tensile behavior of excess Si-type Al-Mg-Si alloys, which contain Cu. The tensile test and hardness measurement were carried out. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to investigate the fracture surfaces and individual crystallographic orientation. After small additional deformation, the crack was observed by the interface between higher Schmid Factor (S.F.) and lower S.F. grains. It was thought that this crack influenced fracture from fracture surface.

Abstract: Heat-treatable 6000-series alloys are currently used by automotive body sheets. It is general to improve mechanical properties of the Al-Mg-Si alloy by giving addition of the element and the thermo-mechanical treatment. The electron backscattered pattern (EBSP) technique has been performed in order to analyse individual crystallographic orientation in these alloys. Hardness of the 30%-rolled alloy was higher than that of the 0%-rolled alloy. The Schmid factor of individual crystal grain was calculated by crystallographic orientation. After adding a little deformation, the crack was observed at the interface between higher SF and lower SF grains. It was thought that this crack introduced a fracture from the surface.

Abstract: Crack formation by a rolling contact fatigue in a high carbon chromium bearing steel has been discussed. Newly developed method for preparing specimens including pre-existing voids enabled one to observe the early stage of fatigue crack formation. Many fatigue cracks were formed around the voids. The positions of crack formation and the direction of the cracks were consistent with those forecasted by finite element analysis. Fatigue crack formation was followed by formation of the WEAs.

Abstract: The present study tried to control grain structure in polycrystalline aluminum or titanium by means of a laser spot heating method as well as by a computer simulation technique. Monte Carlo simulation of spot heating was performed utilizing two-dimensional grain structure model composed of 200 x 200 sites with hexagonal cells. Grain growth proceeded preferentially in the higher temperature region and resulted in a large grain surrounded by small grains. This large grain tended to keep on growing during homogeneous heating after the spot heating, suggesting that the spot heating technique can fabricate a peculiar grain structure such as different grain size distribution and texture that are not realized by utilizing conventional uniform heating process. Laser spot heating utilizing a fiber-laser system realized heating of small area such as 30micorn diameter to bring about peculiar grain size distribution as calculated by the computer simulation.

Abstract: The influence of an electric field on the annealing of high purity (99.999%) cold rolled nickel has been investigated. Annealing was carried out for 2 hours at temperatures between 300oC and 800oC with and without an electric field of strength 2.0KVcm-1. The microstructure and fraction of cube texture resulting were characterized using electron backscattering pattern (EBSP) technique. Annealing in an electric field leads to somewhat smaller average values of the cube fraction and grain sizes compared to annealing without an electric field. The highest temperature (800oC) annealing in an electric field results in microstructures with a lower fractional twin boundary length.

Abstract: The present paper deals with the control of microstructure of friction stir processed aluminum alloys focusing on grain refinement, thermal stability at elevated temperature and texture development in some aluminum alloys such as 5083, 6061 and 7075 commercial aluminum alloys. 3mm thickness plates of 5083, 6061 and 7075 Al alloys were friction stir processed/welded with several rotation speeds and travelling speeds. Optical microscopy revealed the grain refinement in the stirred zone of each alloy and the average grain size decreased with decreasing rotation speed under various travelling speeds. Annealing of the joints brought about abnormal grain growth at temperatures higher than 773K for 5083 alloy. Critical temperature of the abnormal grain growth tended to decrease as the rotation speed decreased for the fixed travelling speed. Dissimilar joining of 5083 Al alloy to 6061 Al alloy also showed abnormal grain growth when annealed at 773K. A peculiar texture development of 7075 Al joint showing (111)//ND-oriented grains existing throughout the nugget was revealed by EBSP analysis.

Abstract: Factors controlling the recrystallization of a continuous cast Al-Fe-Ni alloy were investigated by analyzing microstructure, grain structure, texture, and electron backscattering patterns. The texture of an as-rolled sample heated at 400°C was similar to that of a sample at the reduction ratio of 50% after intermediate annealing at 550°C. The as-rolled samples had a strong (213)[36-4] (S-type) orientation that was changed to a strong (130)[3-12] (QQ-type) orientation by heating at 400°C. This recrystallization looks like continuous recrystallization. Discontinuous recrystallization due to particle-stimulated nucleation is suppressed by the fine dispersion of Al-Fe-Ni-Si particles that form during casing and intermediate annealing, and stabilize the grain and subgrain structure. We think that a course initial grain structure and moderate level of strain level are the important factors promoting continuous recrystallization in this alloy.

Abstract: By 3 dimensional X-ray diffraction (3DXRD) using high energy X-rays from synchrotron sources it is possible to study in-situ the nucleation and growth during recrystallization. In this paper it is described and discussed how 3DXRD can supplement EBSP measurements of nucleation and growth. Three types of studies are considered: i) orientation relationships between nuclei and parent deformed matrix, ii) recrystallization kinetics of individual bulk grains and iii) filming of growing grains in deformed single crystals.