Papers by Keyword: Energy Control

Abstract: Besides the energy efficiency approach to reduce energy demands of production systems there are also other possibilities to decrease the energy related operating costs. Amongst others avoiding long-term peak loads represents a common measure. In possible future cases a flexible energy demand of factories can also be refunded by the energy provider within new tariff structures. This paper shows the potentials of production systems to alternate their energy demand within productive state, which is also referred to as technical energy flexibility. The focus is on machines of sensitive main processes, where an influence on the energy demand could induce distinct negative effects on the product quality. It is shown how and to which extent the energy demand of production systems can be controlled without negative effects.

Abstract: Energy control of HEV plays a very important role in the process of HEV design, which is directly related to the safety and feasibility. Considering the drive system of HEV is nonlinear and complex, a fuzzy control strategy which is combined with particle swarm optimization algorithm is designed to realize the energy control of HEV. Fuzzy control strategy does not need to built accuracy mathematics model and has good robustness, but it mostly depends on engineering experience and has poor ability of self-learning. So particle swarm optimization algorithm has been added to solve these disadvantages of fuzzy control strategy. In conclusion, this method can not only keep the advantage of fuzzy control strategy, but also has ability of self-learning and self-adapt because of particle swarm optimization added. And the simulation proves that this method is feasible and effective.

Abstract: How to reduce the energy consumption on airport jobsite is the focus of this paper. We introduce this control technique and its specialist-aided system which can predict material temperature and save energy. After pouring concrete material, the technique can test and predict temperature change trend and concrete changing maturity level, based on key parameter information provided by contractors. Optimal curing method, thermal insulation and construction technology are developed giving the results of the preceding data. Contractors can find optimal solutions to save energy and resourced in airport winter construction using the technique, thus avoiding unnecessary energy consumption.

Abstract: Energy control (i. e. pressure control) has an obvious effect on development effect in the depletion of gas condensate reservoir. Phase change behavior and characteristics of the relative pemeability in gas condensate reservoirs were displayed in this paper, then pressure and condensate distribution were showed through reservoir simulation. Finally, the influence of the pressure drop on condensate distribution and condensate oil production in gas condensate reservoirs with different permeabilities was studied. Results show that: First, in high / moderate permeability gas condensate reservoirs, the pressure and the condensate blocking will extend to further reservoir, while the pressure and condensate just appear in the vicinity of wellbore in low permeability gas condensate reservoirs. Second, the influence of pressure drop on condensate distribution in high permeability gas condensate reservoirs is obvious, the condensate blocking extends with the increasing of the pressure drop, and condensate extent can be controlled by optimizing a rational pressure drop, while the influence is inconspicuous in low permeability gas condensate reservoirs. Third, the influence of pressure drop on condensate oil production in high / moderate permeability gas condensate reservoirs is conspicuous, a rational pressure drop exists, while the influence is indistinct in low permeability or tight gas condensate reservoirs, before the retrograde condensation, a low pressure drop should be adopted in a long term until the bottom hole flowing pressure drops below the dew point pressure, when the condensate blocking forms, well stimulation is advised before developing by pressure control.

Abstract: The equipment for measuring electron beam (EB) focus in electron beam produced by the effect of extremum temperature of powder molten pool caused by the interactive effect of electron beam with metal powder is described. The principle of operation of apparatus and examples of EB characteristics are presented. During electron beam processing, the mechanical analysis of metal powder molten pool temperature following focusing current are studied. As a result, the transferring point of critical energy density described by the peak of metal powder pool temperature can be obtained. Based on the temperature characteristics of critical energy density, the measuring concept of dynamic focal spot of electron beam is put forward in the paper. The method of measuring dynamic focal spot of electron beam will provide a new possibility for 3D scanning prototyping through changing focus position of EB.

Abstract: The walking motion state of biped robot with knee is analyzed, the system model is established based on the walking phase; for the stability of passive walking gait is poor, The limit cycle convergence domain is smaller and sensitive to interference. Energy control and angle invariant control is merged, A steady gait is produced at different angles on the ground by the angle invariant control, the gait limit cycle convergence domain is expanded by the energy control method, the energy control gain is adjusted by nonlinear function. The simulation result shows that the method can expand the limit cycle convergence domain and increase the robustness.

Abstract: Unreliable and inflexible analog control systems of fatigue test stands applied in laboratories are being replaced by systems enabling easy development and implementation of new test ideas. This paper presents a digital control system applied in the fatigue test stand SHM 250b. It is based on a new electronic system and the I/O board RT-DAQ4/PCI with the software Matlab/Simulink used for communication with the board. The control system for the fatigue test stand SHM 250b gives the possibility of performing fatigue tests under controlled strain ε(t), stress σ(t) and energy parameter W(t) which is calculated from the stress and strain signals. The applied control system is now used, depending on the performed fatigue tests, and can be developed for specific needs of material strength analysis.