Papers by Keyword: Engine

Abstract: A lubricating oil additive for armored vehicle engine was synthesized by ultrasonic dispersion and physical blending with polyisobutylene and poly alpha olefin as polymer matrix, nanoBN and nanoALN as antifriction materials and polyisobutylene succinimide as surfactant. Polymer-based lubricating oil additive, hydroxyl magnesium silicate powder additive, commercial anti-wear repairing agent Goldway and commercial anti-wear protective agent Chief were dispersed into 10W-40 armored vehicle engine special lubricating oil according to a certain mass fraction. The dissolution stability of different lubricating oil additives in lubricating oil was investigated by standing test. The effects of ultrasonic time and temperature on the dispersion of different kinds of lubricating oil additives in lubricating oil are investigated by using ultrasonic disperser and particle size analyzer. The MDW-5G multifunctional end-face friction and wear tester is used to simulate the actual working process of cylinder liner-piston ring in armored vehicles during driving, and tribological tests were carried out under conventional working conditions to evaluate the tribological properties of different lubricating oil additives. Scanning electron microscope was used to measure and analyze the wear surface morphology and friction interface elements after tribological test, and the lubrication mechanism of lubricating oil additives is revealed. The results show that the polymer-based lubricating oil additive has good dissolution stability and dispersion in lubricating oil. Compared with pure lubricating oil, the average friction coefficient of lubricating oil containing 3wt% polymer-based additives is 0.085, and the friction coefficient decreases by 38.8%. During the friction process, polymer-based lubricating oil additives form a self-repairing oil film to cover the surface of the sample through a series of complex physical and chemical reactions, which reduces the friction and wear between the grinding pairs and improves the lubricating performance of lubricating oil.

Abstract: The presented study demonstrates the possibility of an analytical approach called the multi-optional hybrid-effectiveness functions uncertainty measure conditional optimization doctrine. This method is applied in order to obtain the known, therefore considered proven, solutions by-passing the entirely probabilistic approach. It is made in application to the stochastic process measures determination. Supposedly, the process is developing in the aircraft engine system’s element (the state condition of its material). The solution is found in the framework of the entropy paradigm. It helps assess the newly emerged materials applications rationality and the novelty technologies implementations expediency on condition of the operational options uncertainty.

Abstract: The 2 stroke single cylinder (63 cc) engine of 750 watt electric generator is very popular in the application because providing enough amount of electricity for small house hold with compact size, light weight with reasonable price. Usually this type of electric generator is fuelled with gasoline that mixed with oil as lubricant. The cylinder volume of the engine is usually around 63 cc. This type of engine can be fuelled with biogas with addition component to mix biogas together with air and lubricant, and set the compression pressure at 10 bar. Biogas mainly contain methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), moisture (H2O), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The CH4 is combustible gas and can be used as a fuel for internal combustion engine. Moisture and H2S are easily removed from biogas. To remove CO2 from biogas is about difficult and costly, therefore acceptable content of CO2 in the biogas should be investigate related with the fuel consumption. This research is conducted to understand the influent of ratio CH4 and CO2 in the biogas to fuel consumption of the 2 stroke single cylinder engine of 750 watt electric generator. The variations ratio of CH4 and CO2 were obtained from anaerobic digester with batch system. The results indicate that the CH4 and CO2 ration in the range 1.667-1.967 will yield optimum efficiency that reach biogas consumption in the range of 9.1-9.8 liter/minute.

Abstract: Biogas quality in many installation of anaerobic digester for processing organic waste are found not optimum, especially in developing country where understanding of anaerobic processing is not well known. The methane content in the biogas are usually low that make it not possible to be utilized as a fuel of the engine. Biogas Purification usually will be introduced as a solution. But this idea is about complicated for simple or small anaerobic digester. Other solution is suggested by using enrichment of biogas by using other fuel such as hydrogen or blended with city gas such as LPG gas. But for preparing hydrogen gas or commercial will also costly. This research introduces simple technique for biogas enrichment by using denatured alcohol. The biogas contents were found around 30% vol. methane (CH₄) and around 2% Carbon dioxide (CO₂). The price of denatured alcohol is relative cheap because the selling tax is not as much as drinking alcohol. Engine with bigger combustion (420 cc) chamber was prepared for this purpose to make possible to be fueled with biogas. The compression was set to reach 10 bar. The clearance of the both intake and exhaust valve was set in order to be possible to be running by using biogas. The biogas-air mixer was design for this purpose. The carburetor was set for use of denatured alcohol. It is found that the engine is running well by using biogas fuel that is enriched by using denatured alcohol. The emission was found better comparing using gasoline for the same engine. The fuel consumption is reported for future economic analyses.

Abstract: The available of conventional fuels are fluctuating depend on distribution from the source production to consumer. The availability of biogas as renewable energy is increasing due to establishments of many organic wastes processing worldwide. The need of electricity to support daily life activity is a must, but the availability of electric source in remote area is limited especially for a farm that far away from commercial line distribution of electricity. This work is dedicated to solve this problem. The single cylinder 4 stroke spark ignition engine (83 cc) was designed to be able to be fuelled flexibly by using biogas or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), or gasoline if sometime the biogas not available during initiation of the process or during maintenance of anaerobic digester. The engine is still can be run to provide electricity by using conventional fuel such as LPG or gasoline. The full consumption as well as emission of this flexible fuel engine was investigated. It is found that the fuel consumption is 9.97 L/mint for Biogas, 0.004 L/mint for gasoline and 2.24 L/mint for LPG. Surprisingly by using biogas the emission of carbon monoxide (CO) was down to almost zero (0.02 ppm), comparing gasoline 0.32 ppm, and LPG 0.4 ppm.

Abstract: Nowadays, the original source of mineral fuel for engines was depleting increasingly while combustion products make the environment to be polluted, CO₂ emission which caused many greenhouse gases; this also makes crude oil prices fluctuate and rise. They tend to use biogas as a fuel for internal combustion engines which have been interested in the powerful countries. Supply of biogas from the waste of farms, flour production, fish processing, landfills, etc., with hundreds or thousands of cube meter of biomass daily leads demand on high-power generators using biogas in order to make good use of produced gas. This article introduces a technology solution for fuel engines using purely large-capacity biogas and operating under compression type fire. Accordingly, the tubular biogas Venturi mixer with electronic controller has been used to supply the mixture of fuel to engine. The CDI-DC ignition circuit provides a high voltage of 28kV for forced combustion of the mixture. Experimental results show that the mixer operates stably, well controlled and allows adjusting the ratio of air/fuel, as well as easily changing its speed when it is used as a hybrid engine for the generator. Some results of performance evaluation of biogas mixer will be presented in this article.

Abstract: The Stirling Duplex concept, in which a Stirling engine drives a Stirling heat pump, has many energy and environmental benefits. This machine is essentially composed of three movable elements, a working piston and two displacers, in the same enclosure. The machine has two circuits of non-polluting working fluid, in both parts, engine and refrigerator.The compatibility of the Stirling machine with any type of thermal energy as an external combustion engine contributes to its industrial interests and scientific research. In this paper, a study is presented to estimate Stirling Duplex$'$s parameters and efficiencies by considering the adiabatic model. It appears that the Stirling Duplex is more efficient as a heat pump than as a refrigerating machine.

Abstract: The purpose of the paper is to analyze the mechanical stress behavior of an engine block fixing bolts on an adaptor. With the finite element method is analyzed the mechanical stresses of the bolts caused in the engine assembly process. Thus, by starting from technical drawings existent on this research topic, there were created 3D simplified models of the desired threaded assemblies. By using 3D modeling software, virtual models of two simplified assemblies were defined. By importing these in a finite element analysis software, static response represented through stress, internal displacements and total deformations were obtained.

Abstract: The objective of this study is to analyze the flow filed in the intake manifold using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The main function of the intake manifold flap is to regulate the air flow and to uniformly distribute in the cylinders. If the air is distributed uneven to the engine the volumetric efficiency, power and fuel consumption is reduced. The finite element method can be used to optimize the throttle flap. The results in the simulation offer valuable information’s of the flow field in the throttle assembly. The results show that the CFD model can be used as a tool for improve and optimize various part of the intake manifold flap.

Abstract: The objective of this study is to analyze and predict the flow through the intake manifold using a computational fluid dynamics program (CFD). The performance of internal combustion engine depends of the intake manifold and its components. Three model of the intake manifold flap was created and analyzed by using the commercially available ANSYS software. The volumetric efficiency which affects the engine power and torque is affected by the flow of air in the intake manifold. These paper reviews the work realized by various researchers in the field of variable intake manifold. The CFD plots offers valuable information’s of the flow field and tension distribution in the various part of intake manifold flap mechanism. The results show that the CFD model can be used as a tool for improve and optimize various part of the intake manifold flap.