Papers by Keyword: Environment

Abstract: This chapter explores the most recent trends and challenges stemming from the integration of 3D printing within the architectural sector. The rapid evolution of additive manufacturing has brought forth innovative design possibilities, parametric modeling and sustainable material exploration. The discussion provides insights into available 3D printing technologies and methodologies for fabricating architectural products or designs, along with the advantages and challenges that must be addressed to get maximum benefits. To achieve this goal, case studies and current research are examined, with a specific focus on ongoing issues related to housing and environmental needs. Through an analysis of these developments, this contribution highlights the dynamic landscape where technology and architecture intersect, underscoring the necessity of collaborative approaches to fully realize the continuously improving and more sustainable efficiency of 3D printing in shaping the future of the construction field.

Abstract: One of the most significant environmental challenges nowadays is the rising manufacturing of non-biodegradable polymer wastes like polystyrene. In order purpose of manufacture environmentally friendly polystyrene that easily decomposes, a solvent approach was used to create polystyrene based zinc oxide- graphite composites. The surface morphology and materials contained in the modified polystyrene were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis to verify the dispersion and distribution of the nanoparticles by scanning electron microscopy and the material contents by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. While the crystal structure, chemical bonds, and functions were determined by X-ray Diffraction and Fourier transform infrared, no change in the chemical structure occurred in polystyrene. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to assess the thermal decomposition. And its results found that the temperature of the decomposition was 46.78° lower in zinc oxide and graphite-based polystyrene composites than in pure polystyrene. It came to light that the presence of zinc oxide nanoparticles causes phase separation and consequently impacts the thermal behaviour of graphite-based polystyrene composites. The phase separation was demonstrated by the Thermogravimetric curves showing two degrading steps. This satisfies the urgent demand to synthesize polystyrene that is eco-friendly and easy to thermally decomposition, as well as easy to recycle, which benefits both the environment and the commercial side.

Abstract: One of the factors limiting the operation time of nuclear reactor is corrosive wear of the reactor core structural materials and fuel element cladding due to continuous action of water coolant. Thus, for VVER (water-water energetic reactor) type reactors, local galvanic corrosion, which occurs between the surface of fuel element cladding made of zirconium alloy and various grade steel parts of other structural elements is peculiar. A short-circuited galvanic cell formed on the inner wall of Zr + 1% Nb alloy fuel elements is shown. Changes in oxide films thicknesses depending on the time at different water medium acidity are analyzed. A generalized model demonstrating that dissimilar metals in the reactor core (zirconium alloy and steel) form a short-circuited galvanic cell, resulting from which an increase in local corrosion of zirconium alloy occurs is presented.

Abstract: The paper analyzes the impact of personal protective equipment used by the population as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment. The scale of the additional amount of waste generated as a result of the use of protective face masks, etc. is noted. The globality of the existing problem and its multiparametric impact on the components of the environment are indicated. The short-term effect of a number of disposable protective face masks on the condition of soil by chemical component has been studied. The dependence of leaching of heavy metals from masks on soil acidity was experimentally analyzed, the dynamics of mobile phosphorus and potassium in soil samples was studied. It is shown that the presence of masks in the soil leads to exceeding the standard for zinc content, while for copper content and manganese content exceeding the standard is not observed in the study period, for lead there are fluctuations in content beyond standard value. The need for long-term research on the impact of face masks on the environment, and in particular soils, was noted.

Abstract: Even though dates are produced in large scales in Saudi Arabia, it is not the only product palm trees can offer. Transformative products of palm trees that can be beneficial for the community are intense. For instance, using fronds waste as a biomass to generate power at remote areas or central cities where palm trees population is intense might be a transformative product of palm trees. Using natural waste as a supplement source of electricity at the communities living near palm farms will have a profound effect on the environment and economy. This paper discusses the feasibility of using palm trees' fronds as a biomass in Saudi Arabia. It complies with the kingdom's strategic power plan where alternative power sources are encouraged in the vision 2030. This paper briefly illustrates the opportunity of using biomass, statistics of palm trees in Saudi and the use of biomass as a feedstock to generate electricity in Medina region as a case study.

Abstract: In this research study, the feasibility of renewable energy based green house was investigated for sustainable food production under arid climatic conditions. The novel hybrid biomass based matrix (Coco Date Palm Coir matrix), was synthesized from Oman’s date palm tree fibers and coconut coir. The characterization of the matrix was done in terms of bulk density (0.09 g/cc), particle density (0.23 g/cc), porosity (61%), moisture content (37.4%) and water holding capacity (65.6%). The hydroponic system based greenhouse employing evaporative cooling based climate control technique is used for the identification of novel plant growth matrix for the successful demonstration of plant growth. The experimental trials were conducted over the one-year period with dedicated cycles with average 7-8 weeks duration. The experiments conducted verified the growth of Lettuce over two cycles and the plant growth rate and wet biomass are recorded and compared. The growth of the plant attained at the end of week 5 was 175 mm and the maximum growth of 293 mm at the end of 58 days.

Abstract: In nature, it acts, simultaneously or successively, synergistically or antagonistically, on small or larger spaces, for a long or very short time, numerous natural or artificial processes that pollute, leading to the alteration of the quality of the environment. The basic activity carried out within the oil scaffolding consists in the extraction of crude oil and gases from the deposits in their exploitation, their collection, separation of phases (crude oil, reservoir water, gas), crude oil treatment, storage and sending to users. Contamination of the field related to drilling-extraction wells with crude oil, heavy petroleum products, salt water, various chemicals, etc. has a random character, but with undesirable implications on soil, surface water and / or groundwater, depending on the nature of the pollutant, its quantity and area of spread Pollution sources in the oil industry, both systematic and accidental, have a greater or lesser spread, depending on the size of the field, the type and composition of the extracted fluids, the extraction technology used, the age of oil exploitation in the area, relief and hydrographic network. Having available the data provided by the pollution diagnosis, it is possible to assess the risk that the investigated pollution represents for the people on the site and for the natural environment. If it turns out that the risk is significant, then the decision is made to switch to depollution works. The choice of an appropriate depollution path is made on the basis of relevant technical and economic criteria, which is a feasibility study. The proposed depollution technology must be the most appropriate for the case at hand and, at the same time, be available on the technology market. The most important part of the paper is dedicated to presenting the results of an experimental study on the depollution of soils contaminated with liquid petroleum products by sparging technologies, in order to ensure a sustainable remedy. The results of the soil analysis used in the experimental determination are presented, as well as the physic - chemical characteristics of the main soil pollutants. In the experimental part, laboratory decontamination of systems consisting of polluted soils was performed at the laboratory level, using air as a depollution agent. The processing of the data obtained from the experimental determinations allowed obtaining qualitative and quantitative information related to the decontamination speed depending on the nature of the soil, the nature and concentration of the pollutant and the temperature of the decontamination air. Estimating the cost places this technology at a low level compared to thermal technologies and slightly higher than microbiological technologies.

Abstract: This study presents the evolution of the European Norms of depollution and their environment impact. Therefore, starting Euro 1 Norms (1992), the European Commission defines and regulates the exhaust emissions of the vehicles produced and sold in the European Union. From 2014 until the end of 2020, car producers are under the regulations of the Euro 6/VI Directives. These regulations had a great impact on the process of vehicles engineering design as they influence the materials used during the manufacturing process such as metals, additives or plastic and polymeric composites. One key role in the development of less polluting vehicles is the usage of polymeric composites. Thanks to these materials, cars are now lighter, therefore they consume less fuel and they produce less pollution, and also they present an increased level of comfort and safety. One main target of the Euro 6 regulation is to popularize electrical, hybrid or hydrogen cars. Plastic and polymeric composites such as polyacetal, polyphenylene ether or other engineering resins are a key part of the evolution of car industry. This article is intended to summarize how using polymers on different car components impacts the quality of air.

Abstract: A crack is found on the surface of stainless steel casting support. The crack was analyzed by macro and micro observation of fracture surface, Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) analysis, chemical analysis, microstructure examination and hardness test. Moreover, the stress distribution was simulated by finite element analysis. The results show that the crack model of the support is stress corrosion. The stress at the crack location is the largest. Three main factors of stress corrosion were the crack of paint layer, marine atmospheric environment and the pretightening force for the support. Because the service environment cannot be changed, therefore, surface paint protective effect and reduction of preload can be improved to avoid stress corrosion cracking again on the support.

Abstract: The influence of chemical treatment on the mechanical properties of treated chicken feather fibre-reinforced unsaturated polyester resin (TCFF-UPR) composites was studied in this research. Redundant portions of chicken from poultry farms are comprehensively contaminating the environment. To minimize environmental pollution, these redundant portions need to use for the production of other materials. In this study, we used chicken feather for the preparation of useful composites combining with unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) to reduce environmental pollution. The composites were prepared successfully by conventional hand lay up technique using modified chicken feather as the reinforcing phase of composites. For preparing composites different percentages (2, 5, 7, 10, 12 and 15% by weight) of fibre were used. Attained tensile test results expressed significant enhancement in the tensile properties of composites, with the optimum combination of tensile strength presented by 5 wt% , tensile modulus presented by 10 wt% untreated chicken feather bio-fibre reinforcement and bending strength by 5 wt% chicken feather bio-fibre reinforcement.