Papers by Keyword: Environment

Abstract: Batch SPM systems do not meet the current clean specification/requirements below 28nm. Single wafer SPM systems use a high volume of chemistry which runs to drain, while meeting the cleaning specifications below 28nm. The work in this paper describe the use of a batch SPM system and a single wafer clean in an integrated system, Ultra-C Tahoe which results in meeting the technical specification and using less that 80% of the SPM chemistry used in single wafer systems. The data collected shows this new system meet the specifications, whilst saving more than 80%of SPM chemistry.

Abstract: In this study, a local mineral clay was used as an adsorbent for the elimination of a cationic dye: methylene blue (MB), in an aqueous solution by adsorption technique. Early on, we performed mineralogical and textural analyses of a clay sample using various techniques, namely X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that this adsorbent is a mesoporous and non-swelling clay with illite and kaolinite as the major components with a specific area of about 110m²/g. The study of MB adsorption on the clay was carried out by optimizing the conditions of adsorption, notably the initial concentration of pollutant C₀, the mass of clay m, the contact time t, the potential of hydrogen of the solution pH and the temperature T. Experimental results have shown that the equilibrium data are well adjusted by a Langmuir isotherm equation. Thermodynamic parameters such as the changes in Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy were determined from batch experiments. Results revealed that the adsorption of MB onto illitic clay was endothermic and spontaneous process. Kinetic modeling was also carried out. Experimental data adjusted the kinetic model of pseudo-second order with two stages of intraparticle diffusion.

Abstract: Internet of Thing technology (IoT) is currently developed and IoT commercial networks are being operated and developed in the Czech Republic, as for example LoRa or SigFox. In order to monitor structures or environments (temperature or relative air humidity etc.) with use of these technologies, very cheap hardware can be used, as is the micro controller ESP32 (or its precursor ESP8266). More substantial part of costs represents programming and adjustment for the actual measurement. This article is containing pilot verification of the measuring system based on the above technology during the monitoring of relative displacements in cracks and temperatures of environment on the building structure of cultural monument Church of St. Martin in Zlatá Olešnice. We applied the measurement with sensors of displacement across cracks of the masonry structure in combination with the measurement of the air temperature. The measurement of some cracks proved that the relative displacement is significantly independent on the temperature and, therefore, the displacement is most likely influenced by the unstable conditions in the subsoil of the structure, which is also greatly affected by a ground moisture.

Abstract: Brazil is one of the main producers and exporters of natural stones in the world. Aiming to contribute to environmental improvements, the life cycle inventory of Brazilian natural stones – LCI Stones was elaborated. This paper presents the results obtained along the LCI Stones project. The project was carried out according to the Brazilian methodology for the elaboration of inventories and to the 14040 and 14044 ISO standards. The study consists of two product systems: quarrying and processing (which is divided in two other subsystems: sawing and polishing), being the last one the main system of this study. The product considered is the polished slab. The data were collected within producing companies, comprising a representative time period for the inventory validation. All inputs and outputs of mass, water and energy as well as products and emissions, within the boundaries, were identified and quantified. The main difficulty found in the data collection was the lack of data control by the companies, mainly the water and energy consumption and polishing inputs. The results of the study showed that, among the stone production processes, gang saw cutting was the one with the most relevant impacts. On account of the rapid technological improvements during the last years, the LCI-Stones is being updated by CETEM.

Abstract: The tropical ecosystem had high biomass productivity but still less in economic values. Integrated Bio-cycle Farming System (IBFS) was an alternative system that harmoniously combines agricultural sectors (agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, plantation estate, horticulture) and non-agricultural aspects (industry, household, infrastructure, the marketplace) on integrated ecological management. The key characteristics of IBFS developed in UGM University Farm were (i) an integration of agriculture and non-agriculture sector, (ii) value of environment, esthetics and economics, (iii) rotation and diversity of plants, (iv) artificial and functional biotechnology, (v) management of closed organic cycle, (vi) ecosystem health management, (vii) agropolitan concept, (viii) specific management of plant and (ix) holistic and integrated system. The management of cycle of energy, organic matter and carbon, water, nutrient, production, crop, money conducted through 9R (reuse, reduce, recycle, refill, replace, repair, replant, rebuild, reward) to obtain optimal benefits for global environment and livelihood. The system had a sustainable multifunction and multi-product (food, feed, fuel, fiber, fertilizer, biopharma, water, energy, oxygen, edutainment, eco-tourism). They would meet the expected basic need for daily-, monthly-, yearly- and decade’s income at short-, medium- and long- term periods. IBFS was a good prospect for sustainable economic, environmental, and socio-culture aspects.

Abstract: Growing concern about environmental degradation has expanded the search for new technologies that could ensure sustainable development. In civil construction, new materials have emerged as alternatives to reduce the impact of the activity on the environment, one of them is the geopolymer. This material, which can be characterized as a stable and synthesized composite of aluminosilicate materials, has emerged as a potential substitute for Portland cement because it presents similar characteristics of initial strength and good mechanical performance, but without the high emission of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to obtaining it. This work brings a bibliographic analysis on geopolymer, it is intended to disseminate knowledge as of the state of the art on geopolymer as cement substitute.

Abstract: This work focuses on the numerical investigation of different modes of heat exchangebetween the habitat and its environment in an extremely hot climate to optimize thermal comfort.Notably, to optimize habitable comfort, it is essential to model the solar flux and the temperatureabsorbed by the habitat walls. In this context, we have developed an analytical model to predict heatexchange for a habitat in the Adrar region. The heat transfer equations have been established in eachwall of the habitat. These equations were discretized by the finite difference method and solvedusing the Gauss algorithm. The models developed were validated with climatic data measured in theresearch unit ''URER'MS'' in Adrar. The results obtained showed that building materials andextreme weather conditions were the decisive parameters of unwanted overheating.

Abstract: Climatic and traffic effects are the causes of aging of the surface layer of asphalt, which leads to the necessary renovation of the latter. The use of waste from the tread layer provides a viable and beneficial solution for the environment and the economy. However, this solution must meet the requirement of sustainable development, which necessitates that a road has a very long lifespan. In this study we investigated the performance of recycled asphalt in terms of fatigue (as an element of life-cycle control). All the formulas were tested by the fatigue test in order to define the influence of the proportions of the asphalt aggregates, penetrability of the new binder used, and the manufacturing temperature. The results obtained showed the relationship between the contribution binder (reproduced between the new binder and the old binder) and the fatigue resistance under the influence of the parameters that we have mentioned above. At the end an optimization study has been carried out in order to determine exactly the doses required to formulate recycled asphalt resisted to fatigue The optimization seeks to maximize the asphalt aggregates and minimize the temperature of manufacture with a class of the binder compatible.

Abstract: During the operation of thermal power plants, boilers, incinerators, vehicles, industrial enterprises for the production of synthetic fatty acids, building materials, paints, textiles, cardboard, paper, as well as resins and products based on them – plywood, chipboards, wood-fiber boards, plastics, etc. The environment is contaminated with formaldehyde. Formaldehyde acts climatically and toxically on local, regional and global processes in the environment and contributes to a high level of air pollution (air pollution index > 14) in almost all industrialized regions of Russia. Products containing formaldehyde, getting into residential and non-residential premises, create an environmental risk to public health. The article is devoted to determining the effect of formaldehyde on woody plants by biochemical and electrophysiological methods and developing a method of reducing the concentration of formaldehyde in the environment by introducing into industrial materials aluminosilicate sorbents of different crystal chemical structure, processed thermo-, in a pulsed magnetic field and under the combined effect of a pulsed magnetic field and temperature effects.

Abstract: The current level of the development of composite materials allows producing laminate structures with the desired properties. The application of supercomputer calculation and software systems, numerical modeling methods using finite elements enables the design and analysis of such structures. This article deals with design and calculation methods; the results of the full-scale tests of the joints of glued laminated timber with carbon fiber dowel pins and plates are presented. An overview of the behavior of such structures in corrosive environment and the comparative analysis with traditional steel components are also presented herein. Advantages and disadvantages of glulam joints where composite materials are used are noted. Examples of the joint use of composi\te materials and timber in Russia and internationally are given. Conclusions about the possibilities and ways of using composite materials in the design of wide-spanned glued timber structures are drawn.