Papers by Keyword: Erosion

Abstract: For solar collectors to be more durable and effective in renewable energy applications, surface enhancement is essential. The limited hardness and wear resistance of conventional aluminum alloys, including Al-6063, impair their long-term performance. By employing the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technology to produce AlO₃ nano-coatings, this study seeks to overcome these constraints. The goal of this research is to use nanostructuring to improve the mechanical characteristics, resistance to corrosion, and optical performance of solar collectors. The surface of the solar collector alloy was coated with a nano- material (Al2O3) that had a particle size of 30 ± 5 nm. An Al2O3 nano material coating's micro-structure, phase composition, and effects were examined. PLD was applied to reduce erosion and corrosion and improve the mechanical performance of the aluminum alloy (AL-6063) used on the solar collector's surface. Using PLD, a 10 μm layer of aluminum dioxide was applied to the aluminum alloy's surface to ensure high hardness and a long fatigue life. Hardness testing on the samples showed an improvement in the alloy mechanical characteristics. Before and after deposition, an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy test was carried out. The mechanical characteristics improved after an Al2O3 Nano layer was deposited. The samples' hardness increased from 626 HLD to 672 HLD, and erosion and corrosion decreased. Because of the Nano layer applied via PLD, the atomic percentage of oxygen deposited on the surface of the solar collectors changed between 8.3% and 9.4%, the roughness (x) decreased from 738 µm to 309 µm and the reflection ratio decreases. These outcomes confirm that PLD-deposited Al₂O₃ coatings improve the durability and efficiency of solar collectors, offering a promising solution for future renewable energy systems.

Abstract: Twin Wire Arc spraying (TWAS) is a well-established method to deposit metallic coatings to protect mechanical components from wear and corrosion. In this work were used coatings that can be divided into two groups: FeCr-based ones and NiCr-based ones. The microstructure, and mechanical properties such as hardness, adhesion, abrasion and erosion resistance were evaluated on these coatings. The wear behavior of the coatings was investigated by Solid Particle Erosion resistance test and by Dry sand/Rubber wheel abrasion test. The aim of this work is to study the wear mechanism by SEM observation of worn tracks.

Abstract: Kuala Ceurape Beach is located in the Jangka District of Bireun Regency, on the Malacca Strait. This beach is renowned for its powerful waves and tides, but it is also susceptible to changes in coastal morphology, which can result in erosion and sedimentation. From 2006 to 2019, the estuary of the Kuala Ceurape coastline experienced sedimentation, leading to its closure. This issue could potentially disrupt the activities of local fishermen who rely on the estuary. To address this problem, the Aceh government proposed a plan to open the estuary channel while optimizing coastal morphology. A numerical modeling study using Delft3d application and spatial analysis study is being conducted to determine the impact of the jetty development plan on the estuary. Two scenarios are being considered: the first involves opening the estuary without building a jetty, while the second involves building a jetty. The numerical modeling considers four cardinal directions and uses input data such as bathymetry, tides, and waves. Spatial analysis is carried out using ArcGIS. Simulation results show that without the jetty building plan, sediment accumulation near the mouth of the estuary leads to its closure and a coastline progress of around ±127.583 m. However, with the jetty building plan, sediment accumulation is relatively smaller at the mouth of the estuary, and shipping is not hindered. Sediments are dominant to the right of the jetty in both scenarios, and there is still some erosion. Nevertheless, the plan to open the estuary channel with the jetty building will benefit local fishermen and increase the river's ability to drain water into the sea.

Abstract: Metals are prone to wear through the separation of wear debris particles as well as the plastic displacement of surface and near-surface material. Particle sizes range from millimetres to nanometres. Erosion is the gradual, layer-by-layer destruction of a metallic object's surface brought on by mechanical pressure or electrical discharges. Metals erode as a result of surface friction, wear, cavitation, and the influence of powerful gas or liquid currents on a surface. Jet engines, nuclear reactors, steam turbines, and boilers might all suffer damage from erosion. By enhancing process technology or unit design, using better materials, and applying heat treatment, it is possible to strengthen the resistance of components against erosion. AlSi10Mg is a hypoeutectic alloy that may be additively manufactured due to its limited solidification range, which reduces hot cracking susceptibility during cooling. Complex bulk and open-cell structures with outstanding strength ratio (strength-to-weight ratio) and good formability may be created using additive manufacturing of aluminium alloys, particularly AlSi10Mg. Carbon, manganese, sulphur, silicon, phosphorus, chromium, nickel, copper, and niobium are all present in the pH grade of 17-4. This combination of high strength and corrosion resistance benefits a 17-4 PH stainless steel grade. It may be utilised effectively in a variety of applications due to its high tensile strength and exceptional corrosion resistance.Powder bed fusion is one of the most mature metal additive methods, and as such, it benefits from decades of industrial expertise. PBF can satisfy demands of creating a new component and need to iterate on ideas quickly or are searching for a more efficient procedure to produce sophisticated components. Material waste is reduced because building the part layer by layer reduces the majority of the waste associated with subtractive manufacturing processes. Any surplus powder is collected and recycled when the item is finished. This review researches about the wear and erosion behaviour of Al-Si Alloy and steels printed using additive manufacturing methods. Finally, the findings of this review are summarised, and recommendations are made for future research aimed at resolving current issues and advancing technology.

Abstract: The process of quickly removing abrasive particles of silica and ceria slurries is important in the use of CMP equipment. Megasonic cleaning of nozzle injection type is one of a variety of post-CMP cleaning methods and its performance including cleaning efficiency and erosion was explored experimentally with parametric studies. In the cleaning process, it is favorable to achieve both high efficiency and low damage. The cleaning efficiency was defined by particle removal efficiency (PRE) with a glass sample spin-coated with small silica particles; the damage was detected from mass loss of aluminum foils after the cleaning. The cleaning tests show that the performance of nozzle injection megasonic cleaning depends significantly on ultrasound frequency and water temperature. Toward more efficient and less erosive cleaning, the nozzle injection angle is also expected to play a key role.

Abstract: The experimental results of obtaining complex-alloyed intermetallic alloys by the method of liquid-phase self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and their subsequent use for the formation of wear-resistant coatings by the method of electrospark deposition (ESD) are submitted. Metal oxides Cr2O3, NiO, CoO and mineral concentrate containing a larger part of ZrO2 in its composition were used as a melt charge for the SHS experiments. Alloys based on Ni-Al system dopped with Cr, Zr, Co, and C were obtained. It was established that extra addition of C led to the refinement of the alloys microstructure (3-5 times). ESD coatings were formed on steel 45 using the obtained alloys as anode material. The coatings formed by using the alloys doped by Co, Zr, Cr and extra addition of C (0.4 wt%) proved to be maximum wear resistant.

Abstract: The present research work explores the possibility of use of HVOF sprayed cermet coating Stellite-6 on gas turbine material Titanium Alloy (Ti-31). The coating is investigated for their resistance to erosion under laboratory conditions. Solid particle erosion studies were conducted using silica sand as the erodent. Erosion studies were done with impact angles of 30º, 60º and 90º. Stellite-6 coating performs better under sand erosion conditions. Stellite-6 coatings undergo damage by brittle mode. Erosion behavior of the substrate materials is ductile and resistance is better than the coating material. SEM microstructures were used for scar produced by the erodent, at 30º, 60º and 90º. impact angles, also indicates that the material damage is due to ploughing and entrapment of silica particles.

Abstract: Abrasive water jet machining is a process that removes material using sand and water. This versatile process uses a high-pressure water jet loaded with abrasive particles of mineral origin. It allows the machining of all materials and is particularly suitable for machining or stripping applications on hard metal sheets. Due to a local action, the abrasive water jet limits heating and deformation. During machining, the removal of material occurs abrasion and erosion [1]. The identification of the respective importance of this abrasion and this erosion conditions the precision of the modeling of the machined depth. In this study, these mechanisms are presented and characterized for machining on 6mm thickness TiAl6V titanium alloys sheets with or without inclination of the jet. It is possible to model an elementary passage and it allows predicting the pocket bottom profile obtained after a succession of passages. During machining, two mechanisms appear. Abrasion occurs when machining an elementary pass. Erosion will characterize the effect of repetition of passages. The analysis of the machined profiles makes it possible to characterize the influence of the abrasion mechanism and abrasion mechanism. The variation of the coefficients associated with these mechanisms can be characterized as a function of the angle of inclination of the jet.Keywords: Abrasive water jet machining, Material removal mechanism, Abrasion, Erosion, Titanium alloy, Abrasive particles

Abstract: Polymer insulators traditionally used in HVAC (High Voltage Alternating Current) are used in HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission lines. For these polymer insulators, silicone insulating rubber, based on Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), is used in industry to manufacture high voltage insulators for power lines. Silicone rubber material ages due to pollution and environmental factors such as UV (ultraviolet light), rain, and temperature. Moreover, no international standard is available to standardize its functional characteristics to ensure its best performance in HVDC regime. Standards usually define the testing procedures to measure the resistance of the materials to these conditions. One of the tests used to evaluate the performance in AC (alternating current) of the housing material of polymeric insulators is the inclined plane test (IPT). This test has the purpose of assessing the tracking and erosion resistance of housing materials. However, for the IPT, no consensus is reached yet for this testing in Direct Current (DC) voltage. In addition, there are no indications whether the formulations that have been successfully used for HVAC work fine; also, in HVDC regime, or not. In this paper, an investigation of the tracking and erosion resistance under positive DC IPT is presented. In this way, the study was carried out on skirts of an HVAC commercial insulator and samples of a new outstanding composite silicone rubber formulation filled with micro and nano particles. The results show that HVAC silicone rubber formulations could not be suitable for HVDC applications under highly polluted conditions. In the case of the new enhanced composite, it is shown how nano particles used in this material significantly enhance the performance during DC tracking and erosion testing well above other materials tested in previous works. Also, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the composites is used to correlate thermal stability with the DC IPT performance.

Abstract: Development of earthen building materials is one of the answers that the construction sector can provide to tackle the accelerated climate change issue. However, these materials present a wide variability, even at the local scale, and their water durability can be difficult to ensure. In order to improve their durability regarding water and avoid its prejudicial effect on earthen material’s properties, the stabilisation with bio-polymers is an increasingly studied solution. In this paper a ten-minute erosion drip test is developed and performed for various combinations of Breton earths and bio-based additions or surface treatments (linseed oil, xanthan gum, casein, alginate, vegetal varnish and tannins). The final pitting depths and eroded volumes are compared and the evolution of erosion during the test is monitored. These results are also linked to previously obtained water capillary absorption coefficients. The obtained results enable to highlight the impact of bio-based additions on erodibility of earthen materials: linseed oil and xanthan gum help to protect the earth-based samples from erosion. Other original parameters characterizing the erosion of the samples during the drip test are suggested. Limitations of this type of erosion tests are also brought out.