Papers by Keyword: FT-IR

Abstract: This article investigated the properties and applicability of a composite containing thermoplastic starch (TPS), coffee and straw fiber. Plastics are indispensable in everyday life because these materials are used very widely, e.g. industrial and agricultural use, food packaging, cables, car parts, mattresses, medical devices, household appliances, etc. Although the use of plastics has many advantages, an environmentally conscious approach is increasingly important in modern society and therefore the disadvantageous properties of plastics have also become an issue. On the one hand, they are petroleum derivatives, which are a finite resource, and on the other hand, the life cycle of packaging materials is short. Multiple recycling is also a problem due to the deteriorating quality during recycling. The above two negative properties can be eliminated by using biopolymers, as biopolymers effectively replace single-use petroleum-based packaging products, for which recycling is difficult or impossible from environmental and economic perspectives. The aim of the pilot program was to produce a mixture of biodegradable biopolymers, including starch-based TPS polymers, coffee grounds and straw fiber, and to investigate one of the main indicators of degradable polymer composites, the degradation process by reacting in different pH matrixes (4 different water and 3 different soil-based matrixes) during a period of 0-2 months. The degradation process was analyzed by following mass and shape changes and FT-IR measurements. The applicability of the biopolymer composite was verified, as the decomposition process was proven in an aqueous medium at 72h. We were able to detect the conversion of some chemical bonds through the change of absorbance of carbonyl and CH₂ groups, CH₃ umbrella vibration. The produced mixture is planned to be used in agricultural areas as a raw material for seedling pots, which could reduce the generation of additional waste and, by using fillers, the use of the composite also provides protection against pests.

Abstract: Synthetic foam will negatively impact the environment and living beings. To solve this issue, synthetic materials may be substituted with more eco-friendly materials, such as foam derived from bamboo. The structure of bamboo and the substances inside make it highly useful for various applications. This research produced a biodegradable foam from the difference in weight fraction of cellulose derived from bamboo. The Kraft pulping process has been used to remove lignin and to get cellulose from bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris). The foam substance was produced by combining starch and cellulose derived from bamboo with chemical ingredients such as sodium chloride, sodium dodecyl sulfate, glycerin, and sodium hydrogen carbonate. Cellulose bio-foam (CBF) derived from bamboo were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX). Scanning electron microscopy is a powerful technique that allows for evaluating surface morphological changes. When SEM is combined with the EDX technique, it can provide valuable input in determining the distribution of various elements on the surface. The results of SEM - EDX spectra have shown that essential elements like Carbon (C), Oxygen (O), Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl) were present in the cellulose bio foam (CBF). These findings indicate that cellulose bio foams (CBF) derived from bamboo have the potential to be used in a wide range of commercial applications in substitution of synthetic foam materials.

Abstract: This work is aimed at uncovering the hidden value of waste cow bones towards their use as a sustainable biofiller for hot-mix asphalt (HMA) paving applications. To do so, the effect of various contents of calcined cow bone powder (e.g., 5, 10, and 15 wt. % CBP) on the AP-5 bitumen performance was investigated. Numerous lab techniques were adopted to assess the physicochemical attributes of finished filler-asphalt mastics, namely: elemental analysis, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thin-layer chromatography-flame ionization detection (TLC-FID), needle penetration, ring and ball softening point, Brookfield viscometer, and ductility. Iatroscan analysis revealed that the CBP treatment did not alter the saturates but induced an increase in the fractions of aromatics/asphaltenes and a decrease in the resins. The FT-IR scan highlighted that the CBP–binder interactions were mainly governed by physical mechanisms rather than chemical ones. The empirical methods showed that the CBP incorporation enhanced the stiffness/hardness, the consistency, as well as the high-temperature performance of bituminous mixtures. Overall, the use of waste cow bones as a green biofiller is viable and profitable, and it has the potential to reduce the environmental pollution caused by the livestock industry while also improving the performance of hot-asphalt mixes and extending the pavement life at a low cost.

Abstract: Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are the biomaterials isolated naturally from bacterial strains. These are present in granules and accumulated intracellularly for storage and energy uptake in stressed conditions. This work was based on the extraction of polyhydroxyalkanoates from haloarchaeal strains isolated from samples of a salt mine and Halocin activity screening of these isolates. For the screening of polyhydroxyalkanoates, Nile Blue and Sudan Black Staining were performed. After confirmation and theoretical determination, polyhydroxyalkanoates extraction was done by sodium hypochlorite digestion and solvent extraction by chloroform method in combination. Polyhydroxyalkanoates production was calculated along with the determination of biomass. Halocin activity of these strains was also screened at different intervals. Isolated strains were identified by 16S RNA gene sequencing. Polyhydroxyalkanoates polymer was produced in form of biofilms and brittle crystals. Halocin activity was exhibited by four strains, among which confirmed halocin activity was shown by strain K7. The remarkable results showed that polyhydroxyalkanoates can replace synthetic plastics which are not environment friendly as they cause environmental pollution – a major threat to Earth rising gradually. Therefore, by switching to the use of biodegradable bioplastics from the use of synthetic plastics, it would be beneficial to the ecosphere.

Abstract: ZnS nanocrystals were embedded in a KBr single crystal matrix using the Czochralski growth technique. The X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and optical spectroscopy revealed the incorporation of ZnS nanocrystals. A blue shift of the absorption edge of the obtained samples has been observed, indicating the quantum confinement effect. The optical band-gap is estimated to be about 4.67 eV. Two excitonic peaks appeared at 300.4 nm and 271 nm. The average nanocrystal size was derived from the optical spectra. Annealing led to a shift in the absorption edge towards longer wavelengths and an increasing of the emissions intensity. Raman lines of the nanoparticles are broader and frequency-shifted compared to those of the bulk crystals. These results show that KBr is a good matrix-host of ZnS nanocrystals, and that the elaborated samples can be used for important technological applications.

Abstract: The transformations of the solid and liquid phases at high energy planetary ball milling of heptane together with titanium powder were investigated. The sequence of structural heptane transformations using UV-and FT-IR spectroscopy was investigated. Phase constitutions of ball milled titanium powders were studied by X-ray diffraction. It is shown that mechanically induced destruction of heptane occurs by the mechanism of catalytic cracking. The main solid products of the mechanosynthesis were hexagonal (HCP) and cubic (FCC) titanium carbohydrides. Evolution of lattice parameters, crystallite sizes, and micro-stresses of the solid phases during ball milling as a function of the ball milling time have been discussed.

Abstract: Pulp capping has been suggested as one treatment of choice after pulp exposure. Calcium hydroxide [Ca (OH)₂] recognized as gold standard of direct pulp capping matter for some decades. Throughout the time, a new cement known as mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has developed into a prominent alternative. A recent study found that matter as the most effective pulp capping material. Despite the fact, MTA is an expensive material. Several studies in different country show that portland cement has highly similarity chemical composition with MTA. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the chemical composition of white portland cement that fabricated in Indonesia compared to MTA. White portland cement fabricated in Indonesia was used as a sample in this study and commercial MTA as a control. Samples and control were assessed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) to figure out chemical composition and concentration. Investigating the wavelength of the functional group using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that composition, concentration, and functional group either Indonesian white portland cement and MTA has highly similar. Hence, it has a chance to use Indonesian white portland cement for dental pulp capping material as MTA substitution.

Abstract: A novel heterocyclic compound, 1-(4-methoxy phenyl)-2-((5-(1-(naphthalen-1-yloxy) ethyl) -[1,3,4]-oxadiazol-2-yl) sulfanyl) ethanone was synthesized using standard method and chemical structure of the synthesized compound was identified using FTIR spectrum. Needle shaped single crystals have been grown using solution growth technique. The grown crystals were characterized using single crystal XRD, UV-visible and Thermal analysis. The crystal structure study shows that the compound crystallizes in Monoclinic crystal system with a space group of P21/a and cell parameters are determined. UV-Visible study shows that the crystal is transparent in the entire visible region. The thermal stability of the material was determined by TG and DTA analysis.

Abstract: The effect of Pd-TiO₂ nanoparticle doping on structural, optical and thermal properties of the PVA polymer has been investigated using FTIR, UV-Visible, TGA and FESEM analysis. nanosized Pd-TiO₂ particles were synthesized using standard method. Pure and Pd-TiO₂/PVA nanocomposite films were prepared using solution casting technique. The FTIR study confirmed that the Pd-TiO₂ nanoparticles interacts with the OH group of PVA polymer and forms the complex. The presence of these complexes affects the optical and thermal properties the composite. The change in the optical properties was studied using UV-Vis absorption method. The effect of doping on the thermal properties was studied using TGA method and the modified surface morphology using FESEM.

Abstract: The present work deals with the investigation of the transformations of the solid and liquid phases at high energy planetary ball milling of toluene together with titanium powder. The sequence of structural toluene transformations using FT-IR spectroscopy was investigated. Phase constitutions and morphology of ball milled titanium powders were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. It is shown that mechanically induced destruction of toluene occurs by the mechanism of catalytic cracking. During ball milling, concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons in the liquid phase decreases, at the same time the content of alkenes, cycloalkanes, and isoalkanes increases. The main solid products of the mechanosynthesis were cubic and hexagonal titanium carbo-hydrides.Evolution of lattice parameters, crystallites sizes, and micro-stresses of the solid phases during ball milling as a function of the mechanical energy dose have been discussed.