Papers by Keyword: FTIR

Abstract: L-asparagine and potassium chloride were used in a 2:1 ratio for the production of L-asparagine-based crystals such as L-asparagine admixture with potassium chloride (LAPC) utilizing deionized water as the solvent. The same process was used to synthesize L-asparagine admixtured with Glycine (LAG). To grow these crystals, the synthesized salts of its were used. The samples' saturated solutions were made separately, stirred vigorously for two hours, and then filtered separately. The solutions went through a slow evaporation process. Powder XRD studies reveals the various peaks present in the crystals. FTIR analysis provides the numerous functional groups connected to the produced crystals. The generated crystals are transmittable, according to studies of the UV-VIS spectrum. The mechanical behavior such the crystals belong to hard or soft category was also discussed.

Abstract: The application of membrane technology in the separation process has led to the technology's present rapid development. Nylon 6.6 polyamide membrane has hydrophilic properties and has advantages such as low fouling tendency and resistance to high temperatures. This research aims to determine the effect of pectin on the characteristics of nylon 6.6 membranes. In this study, the membrane was made from nylon 6.6 using the phase inversion technique. Modification was carried out by adding pectin at variations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75% by weight. The IR structure characterization results of the nylon6.6-pectin membrane show the same peak for the-NH group and the OH, C-H, amide I, amide II, amide III, CH₂, and C-C groups. Membrane contact angle measurements P0, P0.25, P0.5, and P0.75 were 59.37°, 67.70°, 63.48°, and 58.00° respectively, indicating hydrophilic properties. Meanwhile, the degree of swelling after the membrane was soaked in distilled water for 24 hours showed values of 55.32%, 44.44%, 60.38%, and 63.16% for membranes P0, P0.25, P0.5, and P0.75. The P0.75 membrane has the lowest contact angle which is increasingly hydrophilic and the highest swelling value which indicates the highest absorption level compared to other variations.

Abstract: We verify experimentally to what extent the intensity of 3C-SiC TO peak in infrared reflectance spectrum can be used to estimate the thickness of extremely thin 3C-SiC epilayers on Si. The influence of several Si substrate characteristics (orientation, doping level, back-side surface preparation) on the peak calibration is discussed.

Abstract: Pozzolan is a material that increases the strength of concrete. The pozzolan used in this study is mussel shell powder. The purpose of this study was to find out how MSP substitution affects concrete strength. Mussel shell powder (MSP) contains important levels of calcium oxide and silicon oxide (SiO₂) and used as an alternative to Portland cement (PC) to reduce the amount of PC needed to make concrete will perform. The concrete designed according to the Standard Indonesian Method (SNI) and the slump should be between 75mm and 100mm. As a prototype, he built a concrete cylinder measuring 15 cm x 30 cm. The percentage changes when replacing PC with MSP were 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%, respectively, with 0% substitute used as the control mixture. The samples evaluated for compressive and tensile strength after 7 and 28 days, respectively. As a result, in terms of compressive strength, the best replacement level for 28-day-old concrete is 6%, with a strength value of 32.46MPa. This resulted in a 21.98% increase in force compared to control. In contrast, replacing 2% PC with MSP achieved the highest shear strength after 28 days, with a strength value of about 2.584MPa, 10.48% higher than witnessed. The two samples all have slightly different chemical group bonds O-H, CH₂, and C-H. The absorption range of the chemical bond of alkene is 1638.21cm^-1, and group functional C=O of shell concrete of 1638.21cm^-1. The group functional of C=O in the sample, but there is no functional group C in the shell.

Abstract: Investigating the dielectric characteristics and structural alterations in XLPE composites, commonly employed in the insulation of covered conductors, stands as a pivotal research focus. In this study, we examined the variation in dielectric loss (tanδ) concerning frequency and voltage, influenced by thermal aging in XLPE insulation. To achieve this, the samples underwent aging at 120°C for six periods, a total of 450 hours. Furthermore, we conducted PD tests, FTIR, and SEM assessments on the insulation both before and after the aging process. A comprehensive analysis of the material's property changes during thermal aging was performed by comparing the PD test results with the tanδ measurements. In order to delve deeper into the interpretation of these findings because of thermal aging, we explored both internal and surface structural modifications, which directly impact tanδ and PD values, utilizing FTIR and SEM techniques.

Abstract: During the calcination of kaolin particles, kaolinite is thermally activated at high temperatures, causing the crystal structure to collapse and yielding amorphous metakaolinite through dehydroxylation. This metakaolinite is used as a supplementary cementitious material, and one of the most important factors influencing the pozzolanic properties is calcination conditions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has become useful in distinguishing and obtaining information about structural order-disorder and phase transformation following the calcination process. In this study, water-washed kaolin particles were thermally activated at elevated temperatures ranging from 600 to 800 °C for 3–4 h at a rate of 10 °C/min before being analyzed with FTIR to determine the optimum conditions for calcining kaolin particles by examining functional groups, and also to study structural order-disorder or crystallinity of calcined kaolin particles. The most reactive metakaolinite state of water-washed kaolin particles was achieved after 3 h of calcination at 800 °C. Using both empirical and numerical approaches, variations in the position and relative intensity of O-H stretching and deformation of hydroxyl groups in the infrared spectrum can be used to classify the degree of structural order of water-washed kaolin particles. By increasing the calcination temperatures and period, the well-ordered and partially-ordered structures of kaolin particles were transformed into well-ordered, partially-ordered, and poorly-ordered structures. These structural disorder and crystallinity have a significant impact on pozzolanic activity because well-ordered kaolinite can be transformed into less reactive metakaolinite, whereas poorly-ordered kaolinite with high defects can be transformed into more reactive metakaolinite. However, in this study, the structure of water-washed kaolin particles that achieved complete dehydroxylation was discovered to be partially-ordered to poorly-ordered and can be transformed into highly reactive pozzolans.

Abstract: The synthesis of ceramic composites consisting of cerium and titanium-doped zirconium (ZCT) oxide was achieved by the solid-state reaction technique. The ZCT composite ceramic powder undergoes sintering at various temperatures, including room temperature (RT), 1000°C, 1100°C, 1200°C, and 1300°C. Extensive study has been conducted on ceria-based materials in the field of catalysis, owing to their vast array of uses. Nevertheless, there was a limited amount of research conducted on the impact of ceria in the solid-state reaction approach. The current study employed a solid-state reaction method to fabricate ceramic composites comprising ZrO₂, CeO₂, and TiO₂. Various sintering temperatures were employed in the process. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the sintering effect of ZCT ceramic oxides on several aspects, including crystal structure, surface morphology, optical properties, and electrical properties. The ZCT ceramic oxide underwent sintering at room temperature (RT), 1000°C, and 1100°C, resulting in the formation of a monoclinic crystal structure. However, sintering at 1200°C and 1300°C led to the presence of mixed phases, characterized by both monoclinic and tetragonal crystal structures, as observed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. When the sintering temperature is increased from 1000 to 1300°C, there is a modest drop in the band gap of a ZCT material from 3.43eV to 3.25eV. frequency(1mHZ-200kHz) dependence of dielectric constant, dielectric loss and ac electrical conductivity of the synthesized composites were carried out. The results indicate that dielectric constant and loss decreases with frequency rises and reaches a constant value at higher frequencies. The electrical conductivity of all ZCT samples exhibits an increase as the frequency is raised, whereas it reaches a minimum at lower frequencies.

Abstract: Following the growing interest in monitoring the status, behavior and impact of micropollutants in the environment, a significant area of concern revolves around the degradation of plastics, which is closely associated with a range of environmental risks. The long-term goal is to investigate the degradation process of plastics in an aqueous environment within controlled laboratory settings and analyze the status of degraded particles over a specific period. The proposed methodology, which is the subject of this paper, aims to achieve this objective. Over the period of one year, both conventional and biodegradable plastics are subjected to the combined effects of UV radiation and water motion. This paper presents the design of laboratory setting and experimental setup for conducting the degradation process. Based on its implementation, the degradation process is evaluated including weight loss and conducting microscopic and FTIR analysis of microplastic particles (MP). By gaining a better comprehension of these processes, we expect to be able to effectively mitigate the adverse environmental consequences caused by plastics.

Abstract: Fish feed is the crucial aspect of aquaculture activities, 70% of production costs are spent on feed availability. However, the high price of commercial feed causes a decrease in farmers' profits, so a solution is needed to reduce feed costs. Food waste has a good potential to be used as a fish feed material. The fermentation of food waste should improve its quality and ensure that food waste is safe to use as feed material. As a result of various tests of Proximate, FTIR, SEM, and Physical Quality test it has been shown that the fermentation process can significantly improve the nutritional quality of food waste without changing the functional groups and the reduction of the particle size after the fermentation process is also capable to improve the physical quality of feed. We conclude that the fermentation process is the best method of improving the physical and chemical quality of food waste and the addition of fermented food waste meal to feed did not negatively affect the physical quality of feed produced.

Abstract: The natural resources of the coastal sands of North Sulawesi are very potential and need to be explored and developed. Sand is composed of compounds based on the location of the sand along the coast. The potential of beach sand, namely Si (Silicon) can be a basic material such as SiC (Silicon Carbide) functional materials, semiconductors, and others. The first stage is sampling of white sand at several points and varying sand depths. Furthermore, the white sand is cleaned of impurities and iron sand. The second stage is sand preparation, sand identification and the third stage is silica extraction using the Alkali Fusion method using a high concentration base. Testing of elemental composition using XRF (X-ray Fluorescence), crystal structure using X-Ray Diffraction, and functional groups using Fourier Transform Infrared. The results of XRF analysis show that beach sand is composed of chemical compositions with a chemical component of CaO > 80%, the results of XRD analysis show that Silica (SiO2) compounds are in the form of quartz and show the Si-O functional group.