Papers by Keyword: Fabric

Abstract: Material abrasion is a critical consideration in product design, manufacturing, and maintenance because it has a high impact on several properties. When it comes to the abrasion of polymer yarns, insight into the behaviour of yarns due to constant abrasion is important for ensuring final product quality, performance, and customer satisfaction. For this study, a group of polymer yarns is selected. The yarns differ in raw material, as well as the yarn type. Within the experiment selected yarns in both single condition and within the fabric structure were conducted to different abrasion tests. The study findings reveal that yarn type, raw material composition, and additional treatments significantly influence abrasion resistance. Recycled polyester yarns demonstrate comparable, if not superior, abrasion resistance to conventional ones, making them viable for various applications.

Abstract: Scrap fabric and used inner tubes, typically considered waste with no economic value and potential environmental issues, are being repurposed as an alternative composite material. This study uses the compression molding method to analyze the use of polyester fabric scrap and inner tubes as soundproofing composites. The process variables include temperature, pressure, and the composition of the used tire fabric rubber. The temperature variables used are 140, 150, and 160°C. The pressure variables used are 8, 10, and 12 ton-forces (tf). The composition variables of the fabric-rubber weight ratio used are 50:50, 60:40, and 40:60. Samples printed with compression molding according to the process variable combination scheme are then tested using an impedance tube tester to determine the effectiveness of sound absorption that the composite can absorb. The soundproofing test standard with impedance tubes is ISO 10140, with 125, 250, 500, 750, 1000, and 2000 Hz test frequencies. The test results show that samples with a fabric-rubber ratio of 60:40, a pressure of 10 tf, and a temperature of 150°C have the highest sound absorption coefficient value at 2000 Hz, which is 0.90817, and a Noise Reduction Coefficient of 0.8114. This result shows that the combination of pressure, temperature, and weight composition affects the composite's density and porosity, which will then affect the soundproofing performance of the developed composite.

Abstract: Industrial use of composite materials requires an increasingly advanced knowledge of technical textiles mechanical properties to control the manufacturing process and guarantee the performances of the finished products. Among the qualities that influence greatly the shaping process, theshear deformability is key for the forming of complex composite parts with double curves geometries. On the other hand, the stiffening of the behavior as the shearing rise is responsible for the occurrence of the wrinkling defect. This shearing behavior of the textile reinforcement is difficult to determinebecause it is non-linear and it coexists with a tensile stiffness of the fibers that is several orders of magnitude higher. Furthermore, shear and tension are coupled due to the weaving of the textiles. Now, few experimental methods have been proposed to measure the tension behavior of fabric as a function of its shear level because dedicated devices are needed for this investigation, capturing the shear-tension coupled behavior of fabric is then a difficult task. This paper deals with the robotization of the fabric shear-tension effect characterization. A KUKA robot associated with a force/torque sensor is utilized, taking advantage of its benefits in the ability to control the state of yarn tensions during shear tests while keeping track of the desired trajectory as enabled by the hybrid position-force control feature. This ensures precise positioning of a sample fabric and accurate contact forces. An anisotropic hyperelastic constitutive model for fabrics, based on the continuum theory of mechanics that takes into account the shear-tension coupling effect was formulated analytically and numerically simulated using Matlab software. An experimental test was then implemented to validate the proposed model. The results from a uni-axial tensile test and shear test under constant uni-axial tensile loading were obtained and analyzed to characterize the test sample. The model parameter identification was performed and presented in detail.

Abstract: To simulate the forming process of a unidirectional (UD) glass fiber non-crimp fabric (NCF) for wind turbine blades, the fabric material needs to be characterized. In this way, input to the material model of the simulation can be generated. One important deformation to characterize is the out-of-plane bending. A number of test setups have been described in the literature but it is not clear which setup is more appropriate for the UD NCF under consideration. Therefore, five different out-of-plane bending test setups are compared and discussed, namely Peirce's cantilever test (with an inclined plane), the free-hanging cantilever test, a vertical cantilever test, a rotary rheometer bending test and a buckling test. For the latter an inverse modeling approach is developed. The test results shows that similar flexural rigidities can be computed from the different test setups but that some values are sensitive to the parameters used in the data processing techniques.

Abstract: Cover factor is defined as the ratio of the area covered by yarns to the total area of the fabric. This fabric’s characteristic is a basic construction parameter of woven cloth related to its end-use behaviour. Different authors are focused on studying the effect of the cover factor fabric on different properties of the fabric, like air permeability, ultraviolet protection, noise absorption and light transmission. However, the aim of this work is study the capacity of the weft to achieve a certain degree of coverage in the woven fabric, taking advantage of the warp's ability to allow light to pass through its own structure and the opacity of the weft.

Abstract: In this paper, the sol-gel method was used for in-situ synthesis of SiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) on cotton fabrics with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in the presence of acid and alkaline indicators. The samples were characterized using by (X-ray diffraction) XRD, (scanning electron Microscopy) SEM, (Inductively coupled plasma) ICP, water drop test and also the flame retardant properties were studied by char yield. The SEM images showed that the nanoparticles are spherical in shape and the acidity or alkalinity of the medium has an effect on the formation of particles. The XRD patterns showed the typical diffraction of amorphous SiO₂ (Si-O short-order structure), also ICP analysis showed that by washing the fabrics, the nanoparticles are still present on the fabric, and this indicated the stability of the washing of the fabrics impregnated with the nanoparticles. By in-situ synthesis of SiO₂ nanoparticles, the flame retardant properties have been improved significantly and the amount of residual char was increased and samples were observed to be hydrophilic.

Abstract: The presence of pores, cracks and microcracks in marble is one of the main features that govern the processes of decay of this stone material and, although marble is characterised by a modest porosity, there is a clear correlation between the presence and movement of fluids, and the phenomena of alteration. Through the study of porosity, it is possible to better understand the phenomena of alteration and degradation in order to obtain useful information, not only in the field of modern building, but also for the protection and recovery of historical and artistic heritage goods. This study was conducted through the characterisation of parameters directly related with the degree of alteration of the materials: water absorption at atmospheric pressure (EN 13755), open porosity (EN 1936), flexural strength (EN 12372) and bowing (EN 16306 par. 8.2). The physical and mechanical measurements have been compared with the Total Optical Porosity method (TOP) and the Adjacent Grain Analysis (AGA) index (a suggested method to evaluate the marbles’ tendency to bow, in EN 16306 annex C); two different methodologies both based on image analysis. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness, for the assessment of marble durability, of the two techniques of microscopic image analysis, the first correlating to the grain shape and the second to the open porosity index. This was done by comparing the microscopic image analysis results with the physical and mechanical properties, both after artificial ageing and after ten years of natural ageing. The results obtained with the TOP method seem to represent the tendency to decay better than the AGA index. The comparison of image analysis of the thin sections, in different portions of the marble specimens, shows the development of degradation due to atmospheric agents, from the surface to the inside, of naturally aged specimens, confirming recent studies made on different marbles.

Abstract: Bundles or fabrics of sized glass fibres were treated by a dielectric barrier discharge plasma in a He/CF₄ gas mixture at atmospheric pressure with and without ultrasonic irradiation. The plasma treatment introduced fluorine both inside and outside of the fibre bundle, decreasing wetting of glycerol. Ultrasonic irradiation markedly increased the fluorine content as well as the silicon, calcium, and aluminium contents, indicating simultaneous fluorination and preferential etching of organic components. It is indicated that plasma treatment in a He/CF₄ gas mixture can be used for controlling the surface properties of glass fibre bundles, and that ultrasonic irradiation can enhance functionalization and etching.

Abstract: In the article research results are presented, which aim to provide treated textile electrostatic properties study. In the article research results are presented, which aim to provide find out abilities of an anti-electrostatic treatment and binding agents for it in treatment of special textile materials and their dependance from modes of operating textile washing. Results of determine a composition and abilities of a functional impregnation; develop a method to study values of electrostatic field for tribocharging conditions of textile materialsare; experimental studies of electrostatic values of materials with functional treatment depending on operating washing modes also presented here. Study results allowed to establish efficiency of the proposed combination of anti-electrostatic active composition based on 5 % solution of dialkyldimethylammonium chloride with a binding agent with the effect to preserve the treatment in the material structure and content of which is 4 % in application of textile fabric with widely used fiber content (cotton 53 %, polyester + oil and water-proofing finish). Acrylic dispersion is stable film-forming component suitable in preserving anti-electrostatic treatment on the surface of a textile material. The research was made in Don State Technical University within the framework of State Assignment of the Ministry of education and science of Russia under the project 11.9194.2017/BCh.

Abstract: Gauze is an excellent material for infant apparel which can made in various forms and by a variety of methods, and thus have attracted great attention in baby care market. This study aims to identify the wicking property of the gauze fabric in baby care products, and to analyse the relationships between the wicking ability and fabric structure of baby soft gauze products. The experimental results revealed that a significant difference occurred for the gauze in the wicking ability. The cotton gauzes were found to show higher wicking rate than bamboo counterparts because of the higher hydrophilic property of cotton material. The fiber content and structure of fabric were the major parameters that affects the wicking ability.