Papers by Keyword: Fiber Orientation

Abstract: The effect of the fiber orientation of thermosetting polyester resin with carbon and jute fiber-a natural polymer hybrid composite has been investigated by experiments. The tensile, flexural, impact, hardness, specific gravity and three body wear tests. The natural polymer hybrid composite is developed by the traditional method of fabricating the composite i.e. by hand lay-up technique. The proportion by weight of fibers and resin are kept constant, while varying the fiber orientation. The laminates are kept for curing at room temperature condition. Specimens are developed according to ASTM standards. Experimental results showed that hybridization of the composite with natural and synthetic fibers shows enhanced mechanical properties. The content of natural reinforcements is 60% in the developed hybrid composite. The effect of untreated jute placed at different fiber orientation has significant effect on the flexural, impact, hardness and specific gravity properties than tensile properties. The wear property has shown good resistance if the presence of carbon fiber. An overall comparison between the properties of the developed natural polymer hybrid composite revealed that the presence of carbon fiber woven mat on both the sides of the composite has played the critical role by balancing the properties and reducing the overall cost

Abstract: With the evolution of modern science and technology, composite material is widely used in more and more fields. Its related fabrication and technology have become the important issue of development of science and engineering. Especially for fibrillar composite material, since the fiber’s orientation and distribution affect the properties of product, how the orientation and distribution are controlled is an important key to improve its properties. In this study, the external magnetic field is applied to injection molding for controlling the orientated behavior of metal fiber during the filling process. In addition, the fiber’s orientation and conductivity will be investigated by means of different process conditions (melt temperature, mold temperature, injection speed, and so on) with or without external magnetic field.

Abstract: This paper investigates erosive wear properties of carbon-epoxy polymer composites. Hand layup technique was employed to fabricate the composite specimens. Sand erosion properties of carbon/epoxy polymer composites were examined by changing testing parameters such as varying angle of impact (30⁰,45⁰,60⁰ and 90⁰), velocity of impact of sand particles (48m/s and 70m/s) and Stand-Off distance (5mm and10mm); and also by changing composite processing parameters such as fiber volume (20%, 25%, and 30%) and fiber orientation (30⁰,60⁰ and 90⁰). Irrespective of fiber volume and fiber orientation, rate of erosion shows increasing tendency, with increase of impact velocity. It was observed that with increase in fiber volume, erosion rate increases and where fiber orientation is concerned, increase of fiber orientation leads to increase in erosion rate. Irrespective of fiber orientation and fiber volume, Increase of Stand-Off distance leads to decrease in erosion rate. Finally the eroded surface morphology was observed by using SEM.

Abstract: Advanced continuous polymer matrix composite materials provide considerable increase in flexural property values as compared with their bulk and monolithic counter parts. In this research work the effect of fiber orientation on the flexural strength of epoxy matrix composite materials reinforced with glass fiber was studied. Filament winding technique was employed for fabrication of composite with various fiber orientations. The flexural strength value of the glass fiber reinforced composite was comprehensively studied by means of three point bending flexural test and analysed by scanning electron microscopy. Experiments were conducted as per ASTM standards and it was concluded that reinforcement with 0^o orientation of glass fibers shown improved flexural strength as compared to 45^o and 90^o orientation of fibers.

Abstract: This research studied the influence of treated water hyacinth fibers with chemical substances and the orientation of water hyacinth (WH) fiber reinforced bio-based epoxy composite on mechanical properties. The specimens with direction at 90˚, 45˚ and 0˚ of WH fiber and different treatment substance were investigated. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane were used for the chemical treatment of fiber, which can improve the mechanical properties of the composite. The result shows that the tensile modulus of 1% silane treated WH fiber is higher than neat epoxy around 15%. The orientation of the fiber affects directly on the tensile strength. The addition of the WH fibers improves impact properties in all conditions compared to original epoxy.

Abstract: In this chapter, bamboo fiber with parallel and anti parallel orientation has been introduced in the Unsaturated polyester (UPE)/ Epoxidized Soybean Oil Acrylate (ESOA) blend. The reinforced fiber mats were treated with NaOH and NaOH-silane to improve the stiffness and strength of the composites. Parallelly oriented fiber reinforced composite showed improved glass transition temperature. The mechanical, thermal, storage modulus and tribological properties are highly improved for parallel fiber oriented composite. Also alkali-silane treated fiber reinforced composite show optimum properties than alkali treated and raw fiber based composites. Anti parallelly oriented composites show reduced performance due to pull out of fibers. The FTIR analysis of all the composites was observed for the first time with valid reaction mechanism. So this new partially biodegradable composite can open a new door for potential application in various fields. This composite may be used as an alternating material to wood for various indoor and outdoor applications.

Abstract: Generating serial components via additive manufacturing (AM) a deep understanding of process-related characteristics is necessary. The extrusion-based AM called fused layer manufacturing (FLM), also known as fused deposition modeling (FDM™) or fused filament fabrication (FFF) is an AM process for producing serial components. Improving mechanical properties of AM parts is done by adding fibers in the raw material to reinforce the polymer. The study aims to create a more detailed comprehension of FLM and process-related characteristics with their influence on the composite.Thereby, a short carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide (CarbonX™ Nylon, 3DXTECH, USA) with 12.5 wt.‑% fiber content, 7 μm fiber diameter, and 150 to 400 µm fiber length distribution was investigated. To separate process-related characteristics of FLM, reference specimens were fabricated via injection molding (IM) with single-batch material. For the mechanical characterization, quasi-static tensile tests were carried out in accordance to DIN 527‑2. Quality assessment including void content and void distribution was performed via micro-computed tomography (CT).The mechanical characterization clarifies effects on mechanical properties depending on process-related characteristics of FLM. CT scans show higher void contents of FLM specimens compared to IM specimens and void orientation dependent on printing direction. FLM shows process-related characteristics which generally strengthen mechanical properties of polymers. Nevertheless, tensile strength of FLM specimens decrease by more than 28% compared to quasi-homogenous IM specimens.

Abstract: Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC) offer improved mechanical properties, especially higher toughness, preferably at elevated temperatures. Fields of application are, for example, highly hot stressed components of aero engines.Processing of Ceramic Matrix Composites by powder injection molding offers attractive economic benefits, however, it represents a considerable challenge. Development of a process chain for the ceramic injection molding of Al₂O₃ short fiber CMC had started by feedstock preparation and characterization. Fiber content varied between 10 to 50 vol.% whereas for binder a well-examined system from KIT was chosen. The fiber content showed a minor effect on the rheological properties but fiber orientation depended strongly on the apparent shear profile. The sintering behavior was affected as well, i.e. higher densities were achieved.

Abstract: A Continuum (filled polymer) is inhomogeneous and anisotropic. The Continuum is used in an injection moulding simulation at first (generally unnewton type of fluid). Then the continuum is solid (after cooling) and it is possible to carry out ordinary structural analysis with it both static and dynamic. The solid continuum has different mechanical properties for each of discrete element. The consequent values of mechanical characteristics (after simulation of load) will generally have different values when influence of injection moulding is taken into account for analyses.

Abstract: Fiber orientation is essential when we want to predict the behavior of a composite material, also for determining the mechanical properties of such materials. Many researches in this field showed that the orientation of fibers has a major role, for example, in increasing some properties, or decreasing others. Some of these studies are experimental, some are made using only the Finite Element Method (FEM).In this work, we present a numerical approach in order to estimate the influence of the collagen fibers orientation on the mechanical properties of the natural composite, which is human cortical bone. Based on the mathematical theory of homogenization, allowing computing all the elastic (but also piezo and dielectric) properties of a composite material, this study quantifies the main influence of the fibers orientation and its effect on the mechanical properties, but also on the influence of the cortical architecture on mechanical properties.