Papers by Keyword: Filament Winding

Abstract: Fibre tension is an important process parameter during filament winding. It strongly affects the void content and fibre volume fraction, which in turn determine the mechanical performance of the part. Fibre tension also contributes to the residual stresses that develop in the filament-wound material. This study focuses on how the fibre tension shapes the stress distribution in filament-wound composites. To this end, a numerical predictive model was developed. Experimental validation was conducted using a force sensor, and good agreement was observed between the model predictions and the experimental measurements. These findings provide deeper insight into the role of fibre tension in filament winding and offer practical guidance for optimising the process to enhance the performance of composite pressure vessels.

Abstract: The presented article focuses on the design of composite tank which consists of wound cylindrical part (manufactured by the means of filament winding) which is bonded together with domes (manufactured by spraying or light resin transfer molding - LRTM technology). Composite structure was manufactured from glass/polyester material system by company ACO Industries Tábor. The article describes the possibility of using a bonded joint on cylinder/dome interface. This possibility was experimentally tested on specimens and also numerical simulation of full-scale model (finite element method - FEM) was performed. Developed construction is used for underground water treatment application and it is loaded with both the weight of the retained water and the pressure of the soil and groundwater during its deep burying.

Abstract: In this study hybrid composite hollow shaft for applications with dominant flexural and compressive load is developed. Numerical analysis is carried out to understand the failure of the proposed shafts. Azzi-Tsai-Hill failure theory is used to check for failure before fabricating the shafts. To validate the results of numerical analysis, two different hybrid composite shafts were fabricated on a filament winding set-up. A stacking sequence of [90°/0°/90°/0°/90°] was used during fabrication. Hybridization was achieved by winding alternate layers of synthetic and natural fibers with epoxy, starting with E glass as the first layer followed by jute fibers while in the second shaft; banana fibers replaced the jute fibers. Compression and flexural tests were conducted on the hybrid shafts according to ASTM standards. Test results indicate that composite shafts having jute fiber along with E glass fiber could take more load, both in compression and in flexural loading conditions.

Abstract: Epoxy-glass fiber composite pipes were fabricated with filament winding machine. Full automation and precise control over the processing parameters are the major advantages of this manufacturing technique. Stacking sequence is one of the important processing parameters on which the properties of filament wound components depend to a large extent. This paper comes up with a comparative damage analysis of traditional composite pipes (TCPs) of stacking sequence [±55]₆, and functionally graded composite pipes (FGCP) of stacking sequence [70-55-40-40-55-70]. The stacking sequence in FGCP was chosen such that the average stacking angle is retained the same as of TCPs, i.e. [±55]. An impact analysis of these pipes was carried out. Impact energy of 45 J was applied on both pipes and damage was quantified using back-lighting technique. It was observed that the damage occurred in FGCPs was 30% lesser compared to TCPs.

Abstract: To explore the effects of preparation process on the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced tubes in radial direction, the closed ring method was applied to assess the elastic modulus and bending strength of GFRP and CFRP prepared by winding method and pultrusion method, respectively. The results indicate that there are two obvious differences between the winding tube and the pultrusion tube: i) the elastic modulus and bending strength of the winding tube for two materials are larger than that of the pultrusion tube. It should be attributed to the position of materials under stress: the former is the fibers while the latter is the matrix; ii) the failure mode for the winding tube is brittle fracture while elastic-plastic fracture is for the pultrusion tube. Compared with other experimental methods, the results of the closed ring method are accurate and reliable, which is demonstrated to be a potential method to evaluate the mechanical properties of fiber tubes in radial direction rapidly and conveniently.

Abstract: In order to mimic natural tissues, a successful strategy is to design bio-inspired materials including controlled morphological and biochemical cues as nature guidelines suggested. In this context, old and new process technologies, case by case, have to be adapted to develop innovative templates with the finest control of structural/functional properties able to correctly interact with biological tissues. Since organic and inorganic materials from synthetic or natural source do not singularly satisfy all the requirements, the discovery of new process solutions able to combine two or more materials into multicomponent systems (i.e., blends, composites, hybrids) may represent an interesting alternative for scaffold design. In order to simplify process conditions, without limiting the complexity of final device, current trends mainly address to bottom up approaches based on fibres used as micro-tassels, variously combined as a function of the desired properties – biochemical, mechanical or biological ones, to form the final device.Here, two different approaches based on the use of polymeric fibres have been proposed. Continuous microfibres processed by capillary extrusion can be integrated as reinforcement agent of porous biodegradable matrices to develop composite scaffolds with multiscale degradation properties suitable for hard tissue regeneration. Alternatively, micro-or submicro-fibres made of synthetic and/or natural polymers can be randomly assembled or patterned to form uniaxially oriented or textured platforms, thanks to the high customization of electrofluidodynamic techniques (i.e., electrospinning). Both approaches offer a large variety of micro and nanostructured platforms - with micro/nanoscale architecture and peculiar chemical composition - suitable as scaffolds or biotextiles for tissue regeneration or other biomedical uses.

Abstract: In this study, a composite drive shaft for heavy commercial vehicles is designed and manufactured. The carbon/epoxy composite material is used for the shaft tube and the end joints are made of steel. The material properties of the carbon/epoxy composite are obtained by performing coupon tests. The shaft tube is modeled using ANSYS finite element software. The static, buckling and modal analysis are achieved to obtain the Tsai-Wu strength ratio, the critical buckling torque and free vibration frequencies, respectively. The shaft tube is manufactured by using filament winding method. The steel end connections are bonded to the shaft tube during the filament winding process.

Abstract: The present work is focused in the examination of the torsional behaviour of composite tubes by a combined experimental and numerical approach. Glass and carbon composite tubes were manufactured by the filament winding technique. All the tubes were fabricated with glass and carbon Fiber orientation at ±45°. The effect of the torsional loading on the mechanical strength of the glass and carbon composite tubes was initially studied experimentally. Angular velocity of 5° per min was used as torsion test speed while torque-twisting angle changes were recorded. The torsional behaviour of composite tubes was also simulated using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). An elastic orthotropic composite model was used for the simulations. The normal and shear stress contours were obtained from the FE models, while the theoretical relation of the torque versus the twisting angle was calculated. Comparison of the numerical and experimentally obtained results has shown a relatively similar torsional behaviour.

Abstract: Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic composites are used for pipes, high pressure vessels, aircrafts, automobiles, sport goods and Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic composites are used for pipes, high pressure vessels, aircrafts, automobiles, sport goods and structural applications due to their high corrosion resistance, high specific strength, low density, low coefficient of thermal expansion, durability, low maintenance and low cost. This paper presents the development and mechanical testing of filament wound Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic composite hollow cylindrical components. In this present work, Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic composite hollow cylindrical components were manufactured by helical filament winding process. ASTM: D2584 standard test method for ignition loss of cured reinforced resins was conducted on the specimen to determine the fiber to resin ratio. The tensile test was conducted as per ASTM: D638 standard. The three point flexural test was conducted as per ASTM: D790 standard. The hoop tensile strength test was conducted as per ASTM: D2290 standard. The external loading characteristics were determined by conducting the ASTM: D2412 standard test. The tensile strength and flexural strength in the axial direction are 50.76 MPa and 425.46 MPa respectively. The hoop tensile strength and the parallel-plate loading (Compression) stiffness are 156.33 MPa and 2750 N/mm respectively.

Abstract: The main objective of this experimental study was to investigate the effects of low velocity impact loading on the pressure bearing capacity of the E-glass/epoxy composite pipes. The pipes were produced by the conventional filament winding technique comprises of six axisymmetric layers with (±55°)₃ winding angles. The specimens were impacted at three different energy levels which are 5 J, 7.5 J, and 10 J using an instrumented drop weight impact testing machine (IMATEK IM10). The samples were then filled with water and subjected to burst test until distinct leakage failure is observed. The results indicate that the peak force and contact time increases with increased of impact energy. For impacted samples, the pressure tests show that the burst strength of the pipes decreases with increase in energy levels during impact loading. During the burst tests, several damage types named leakage and eruption were observed.