Papers by Keyword: Film

Abstract: The objective of this study was to apply rice bran protein hydrolysates (RBH) as bioactive additives of gelatin/Eudragit^® NE 30D film and characterize the physicochemical and mechanical properties of its. The RBH was obtained by extraction with 2% sodium chloride (RBH-NaCl) and 0.1 N sodium hydroxide (RBH-NaOH) followed by digestion with Alcalase^®. Then, RBH was incorporated in gelatin/Eudragit^® NE 30D film. Effect of RBHs on film thickness, moisture content, pH, Young's modulus, tensile strength and the elongation at break were investigated. The RBH-NaCl enriched film showed non-homogeneous mixture and reduced moisture content, tensile strength and the elongation at break (1.8 – 2 folds). However, the RBH-NaOH enriched film exhibited a few non-homogeneous mixture and the Young's modulus was slightly decreased. The pH value was increased in the range of 6.77 – 6.88. Our results provide insight for the potential to develop RBH containing films as topical products.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to characterize the stereocomplex film properties prepared from different ratios of PLLA-PEG-PLLA/PDLA-PEG-PDLA. All ratios used were homogeneous in texture with a small size of pores which increased as the PDLA-PEG-PDLA ratio was increased. The PDLA-PEG-PDLA supported the increase of stereocomplexation of the film's texture. With tetracycline, the increasing of pores on the film surfaces were observed, but not interfered stereocomplexation of the films. However, the drug helped to enhance the homo-crystalline formation. The stereocomplex structure of films both with and without tetracycline have completely formed when the ratios of PLLA-PEG-PLLA/PDLA-PEG-PDLA used were 60/40 and 70/30, respectively. The rate of drug release trends to decrease when the ratio of PDLA-PEG-PDLA increased. This indicated that the different ratios of PLLA-PEG-PLLA/PDLA-PEG-PDLA might be affected by the properties of film as well as the drug release pattern. The obtained results might be applied for designing film for specific proposing, especially as a hydrophobic drug carrier for drug controlled-release.

Abstract: The glutaraldehyde (GA)-crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film had been synthesized and used as a methylene blue adsorbent. The films were prepared using a solution casting technique and characterized using FTIR spectrophotometer, SEM. Adsorption studies include pH, contact time, methylene blue initial concentration. Furthermore, the desorption study of films was carried out using NaCl, HCl and distilled water. The results of FTIR characterization showed similarities between the spectra of CMC-PVA-GA films with their component materials. The SEM image of CMC-PVA-GA films showed a non-porous surface. In the adsorption study, GA-crosslinked CMC-PVA films (1:2 w/w) exhibited the largest adsorption capacity of methylene blue at optimum conditions for adsorption at pH 7, contact time 200 min, methylene blue concentration of 200 mg L^–1 which was 194 mg g^–1. Methylene blue adsorption kinetic followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The desorption studies show that adsorption takes place through an ion exchange mechanism.

Abstract: Polymethacrylates polymeric film formation in patches containing α-mangostin and resveratrol were developed using solvent casting method. Eudragit^® E100 (E) and Eudragit^® L100 (L) were dissolved in ethanol and the plasticizer (propylene glycol (PG) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400) was individual added and followed with the drying process. The dried films were evaluated for the morphology and flexibility. After the stable film was achieved, the α-mangostin and resveratrol were incorporated into the film. The variation of weight and thickness, swelling property, pH surface, mechanical properties and drug content of patches was evaluated. Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR) was also conducted to confirm that drugs were qualitatively loaded into the patches. The results indicated that patch of L and PG was found to be stable. PG enhanced the flexibility of patch. The patches were less variation in weight and thickness. This patch did not effect to the physiological pH in the human body. In addition, patch had a tensile strength high enough to withstand tearing during handing. The qualitative and quantitative analysis indicated the α-mangostin and resveratrol was well incorporated in this patch. These results suggest that polymethacrylate polymer could be a promising polymeric film formation in patches for drug delivery.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to prepare the pectin film-based different types of Eudragit^® polymer blends using glycerine as a plasticizer and to study the mechanical properties of these films. The mixing of polymer mixture was carried out using distilled water as a solvent throughout the experiment. The polymer mixture was poured into Petri dish and transferred to hot air oven for solvent evaporation. The maximum positive force and percentage of elongation at break were found at the range of 63.58-409.94 g and 74.92-145.42%, respectively for pectin film-based Eudragit^® RL 30D polymer blends, 87.12-409.94 g and 74.42-145.42%, respectively for pectin film-based Eudragit^® RS 30D polymer blends, 76.50-409.94 g and 72.68-145.42%, respectively for pectin film-based Eudragit^® NM 30D polymer blends, and 137.12-409.94 g and 44.42-145.42%, respectively for pectin film-based Eudragit^® NE 40D polymer blends. The results indicated that the mechanical properties of the pectin film decreased with inclusion of various types of Eudragit^® (p < 0.05). However, it was found that the pectin film-based different types of Eudragit^® polymer blends has high potential to be used in pharmaceutical applications. Further investigation related to the incorporation of drugs or herbal extracts and the in vitro evaluation are recommended.

Abstract: The search for inexpensive and efficient methods of forming thin BaSi₂ films as a promising material for photovoltaic is an actual task. The co-deposition of Ba and Si atoms with alloy thickness of 100-120 nm on the silicon substrate at room temperature with following annealing (SPE method) was proposed. Ba-Si alloy compounds then were thermally annealed at different temperatures and three samples were formed: #1 at T = 600 ° C, #2 at T = 700 ° C and #3 at T = 800 ° C. Polycrystalline films with an orthorhombic BaSi₂ structure were formed by XRD, UV-VIS, FIR and Raman spectroscopies data. BaSi₂ grains in samples #1 and #2 have sizes 62-64 nm and 86 nm in the sample #3 from XRD data calculations by Scherrer formula. Proposed growth method resulted to strong compression of the BaSi₂ unit cell volume on 1.78 – 2.70%. The strongest compression was observed after annealing at 800 °C, which was accompanied by desorption of a noticeable amount of barium and a strong decrease in the film thickness in the sample #3. The formation of nanosize Si clusters was confirmed by Raman data for samples #2 and #3, but they did not observed in the sample #3. So, the film, formed at 800 °C, is the most qualitative in terms of structure and single-phase BaSi₂, but with strong decrease of initial Ba-Si alloy thickness due to Ba desorption.

Abstract: The growth, structure, optical, electrical and thermoelectric properties of calcium silicides of various compositions on silicon substrates with (100) and (111) orientations were experimentally studied. It was found that when the atoms of Ca and Si are co-deposited on atomically clean silicon, the basis phases in the composition of the formed films depends on the substrate temperature and the annealing temperature: Ca₂Si (T_Si = 20°C, T_ann = 330°C), CaSi (T_Si = 190-320°C, T_ann = 330°C) and CaSi₂ (T_Si = 500°C). It was established that the Ca₂Si phase is a direct-gap semiconductor with a band gap of 0.82±0.02 eV, large contribution of defect levels to the absorption coefficient at energies 0.25 - 0.50 eV and huge transmission up 90% in the far IR region. In CaSi-based films the high transmission (30-40%) up to 25 μm was observed, which corresponds to a semimetal with a constant density of states near the Fermi level. It was found that CaSi-based films have the maximum Seebeck coefficient and the power factor (up to 430 μV/K and up to 1.14 × 10^-6 W/(K²m), respectively) at 330K. CaSi₂ films with CaSi₂ lattice stretching and epitaxial ordering relative to the Si (100) substrate exhibit semimetal properties, with very high conductivity and light transparency (up 12%) in the photon energy range 0.06 - 0.65 eV.

Abstract: This study aimed to develop gelatin (GEL) and gelatin/Alpha starch (GEL/αSt) dissolving films as drug delivery by casting method. Because these films were brittle and lack of elasticity, therefore, glycerin (GLY), propylene glycol (PG) or polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG) in various amounts (5-30 part per hundred of gelatin; phg) was used as plasticizer. It was found that all types and amounts of plasticizer could be blended into gelatin solution and the transparent GEL films were formed, except the GEL/PEG films presented in opaque characteristics. However, 30 phg GLY blended film was too softy. Increasing amount of plasticizer caused a decrease in tensile strength and increase in elongation at break (EAB) of films. These GEL films swelled, dissolved and eroded in 2 hours. The αSt was also blended, and the effects of αSt amounts (5-30 phg) and plasticizer types (at 25 phg) on GEL film properties were studied. The αSt dispersions mixed well in gelatin solution and gave homogenous films. The swelling and erosion of GEL/αSt films in water were faster than those of GEL films. Increasing αSt amount prolonged the swelling time and decreased the degradation rate of GEL/αSt films. The tensile strength of GEL/αSt/GLY films slightly increased when the αSt amount increased but those of PEG and PG blended films were not different. The EAB of all plasticizer blended films decreased when the amount of αSt increased. Either lidociane or lidociane hydrochloride was mixed in GEL/αSt/GLY dissolving films to use as local anesthetic. The morphology, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy confirmed their compatibilities in these films, but Differential Scanning Calorimeter showed some changes that should be further evaluated.

Abstract: The structure of the thin liquid films determines the stability of foams and emulsions. In this work the bubbles stretched length with different hollow SiO₂ particles concentration is measured when the foam has been stilled for different time. The results show that the bubbles stretched length is longer than that of bubbles when the foam is free of hollow SiO₂ particles even when the foam has been stilled for 500mins. The bubbles stretched length increases with increasing the concentration of hollow SiO₂ particles. A strong hydration effect leaves a large volume of hydration layers on the solid particles surfaces in aqueous solutions. The water in hydration layers can help the film keep a certain thickness. The existence of hydration forces leads that two particles cannot be too close each other. The high concentration surfactant limited in the fixed area helps the film keep good elasticity. Therefore the film has a long life time with compatible thickness and elasticity and the three-phrase foam is upper stable.

Abstract: Composite films from sugarcane bagasse fibers (SBF), coconut coir fibers (CCF) and water hyacinth fibers (WHF)/poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) were successfully fabricated by solvent-casting technique. Fibers were treated with sodium hydroxide alkali solution and followed by vinyltriethoxysilane solution. Both untreated fibers (USBF, UCCF, and UWHF) and treated fibers (TSBF, TCCF, and TWHF) were incorporated into PVC solutions at concentrations of 5-15% w/w based on total solid weight. The average diameters of TSBF, TCCF, and TWHF were 145±17 μm, 164±15 μm, and 128±12 μm, respectively. Tensile strengths of PVC/treated fibers were higher than those of PVC/untreated fibers. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break of composite films were lower than those of neat PVC films. In case of PVC/TSBF and PVC/TCCF, tensile strength and modulus were decreased, whereas, these properties of PVC/TWHF were increased with increasing amount of fibers. Among these composite films, PVC/15TWHF had the highest tensile strength and modulus which were 7.1±0.2 and 350±27 MPa, respectively. Composite films of PVC/15TSBF, PVC/15TCCF, and PVC/15TWHF were thermally stable than the neat PVC film. The amounts of water absorption of composite films were increased with time and with increasing amount of fibers. The results showed the potential for using PVC/natural fiber composite films in packaging application in which the tensile strength and tensile modulus were comparable to that of conventional film such as low density polyethylene (LDPE).