Papers by Keyword: Finishing

Abstract: Current research focuses on advancements and breakthroughs in the realm of smart textiles, with applications spanning various industries such as medicine and education. For producing flexible smart textiles, electrically conductive yarns (EC) are needed to transmit signals or as part of sensor systems. Mostly, these EC consist of a polymer core with an outer metallized layer. Using EC in contact with skin requires high reliability and safety, and thus, the EC must maintain their functional properties on a long-term scale under a range of different stresses. The electrical properties of EC deteriorate under mechanical stress applied during production or in-use through damage to the yarn’s surface. At present, there are only partially feasible solutions to protect the metal-layer of the yarn surface. Hence, this paper presents a newly developed non-toxic coating (NTC) to protect the EC surface. The NTC consists of an aqueous emulsion with polypropylene wax and oxidized wax. To determine the long-term stability of the coating, the produced yarns undergo comprehensive evaluation using a range of analytical techniques. The aim is to identify the optimal coating by exploring different equipment and parameters. Additionally, it is various test methods to gauge the durability of the newly developed NTC used and ensure its reliability over time. To characterize the yarn properties before and after the coating, light microscopy (LM), washing processes, mechanical resistance tests and resistivity measurement are conducted.

Abstract: A new additive technology for forming channels with galvanic-mechanical coatings is considered. The technological process of combined electroplating and mechanical processing of small diameter channels is compiled. Rational technological modes are defined.

Abstract: The influence of the effect of combining different types of processing based on the physical force acting on the surface of conductive materials and the electrochemical active action of electrolytes acting as a cutting fluid is considered. The experiments carried out and show a significant effect of these types of processing on the surface quality and the provision of the initial various physical and mechanical properties of the processed materials. The article presents various dependencies of qualitative parameters for the implementation of shaping processes using such blade processing operations as turning, threading in holes of small diameter and expanding the holes. With combined processing methods, the process of forming the finish surface is due to the combined action of the cutting tool and the anodic dissolution of the metal under the influence of an electric current in the electrolyte solution. The application of this method allows obtain higher quality parameters when machining aluminum and copper alloys, the surface formed during processing, including the preservation of such special characteristics of certain materials, such as porosity.

Abstract: Background: The most frequently used monomer in commercial composite resins is bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate. Bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate free monomer and the long chain dimer acid based monomer were considered as an alternative method to improve mechanical and physical properties of composite resins. Objective: To study the surface roughness of different nanohybrid composites with different monomer compositions after finishing and polishing with different polishing systems. Materials and Methods: 72 composite disk specimens were prepared and divided into 3 groups (n=24) according to the resin composite that were used (harmonize kerr, venus diamond heraeus kulzer and n'durance septodont). Each group was subdivided into 4 subgroups (n=6) according to the polishing technique that was used (Jiffy natural universal wheels ultradent, sof-lex spiral wheels 3m espe, hiluster kerr or enhance system dentsply). Atomic force microscope was used to measure surface roughness. Results: There was statistical significant difference in surface roughness measuring among different n'durance, venus diamond and harmonize groups (Kruskal Wallis Test p<0.05). Post hock pairwise comparison revealed that venus diamond showed statistically significant higher surface roughness when compared with either n'durance and harmonize. Among the polishing systems, jiffy natural universal wheels produce the least surface roughness. Conclusion: Different monomer compositions may have direct effect on the final surface polish of the restorative materials. Clinical significance: The use of jiffy natural universal wheels may be found to result in the smoothest surface finish with the least clinical steps.

Abstract: The work is devoted to the study of the formation of protective and decorative coatings environmentally safe combined paint compositions. The considered work covers a range of issues related to colloidal-chemical modification of organo-soluble and water-dispersion lacquer compositions, development of their rational formulations and finishing modes, study of physical, mechanical and operational properties of protective coatings and ends with the calculation of the possible economic efficiency of the research results. In work environmentally safe water-dispersive paint and varnish compositions for transparent and opaque finishing by method of colloidal-chemical modification are developed. Optimal conditions for obtaining combined water-dispersion lacquer compositions of pigmented and non-pigmented and finishing modes are established. Modification of paint compositions with metal pigments allows to obtain a glazing coating, which significantly expands the color gamut of protective and decorative coatings.

Abstract: The present contribution focuses on finishing operations in machining. Finishing operations belong to the most time-consuming and surface quality-critical machining tasks. High-quality tools are available nowadays for choosing optimal tool paths for finishing. Yet, the finishing options for general shaped surfaces are still severely limited. Although CAM systems can efficiently generate tool paths, none of them offers the combination of finishing tool paths, modern productive methods and adaptive tool paths. Increasing the productivity while maintaining dimensional accuracy and the quality of finished surfaces is the key point in finishing. One of the ways to improving productivity is the use of constant cutting speed. The aim of this article is to present experimental verification of these assumptions and demonstrate the impact on the quality of the finished surface

Abstract: Burnishing as a forming finishing process enables the production of precise and mechanical compressed surfaces. The forming operation can be easily integrated into cutting processes due to its kinematic similarities. Through this integration it was possible to create highly efficient process chains for the machining of rotational symmetrical parts. The formed surface qualities are also interesting for prismatic geometries, but the adaptation of this force controlled process is challenging, because of its multiaxial characteristics. A main limiting factor for burnishing on plain surfaces is the formation of a burnishing bulge on the edges of the burnished area. Several investigations of the process on plain surfaces where done to analyse the bulge formation characteristics of the aluminium EN AW-2007 material. Experiments of different single burnished paths and burnished areas with the subsequent 3D capturing of the created surfaces were done. The investigations show, that the deformation is highly dependent on the applied burnishing force and the burnishing feed. The length and width of the burnished area does not have an influence on the bulge formation.

Abstract: As a well-known conventional finishing process, the grinding is commonly used to manufacture seal mating surfaces and bearing surfaces. It would lead to generate another finishing machining, which more cost-and energy-efficient, so the grinding process could be replaced by machining with roller burnishing or special type of polishing. The machined surfaces by turning or grinding usually have twist structure on the surfaces, which can convey lubricants such as conveyor screw. To avoid this phenomenon have to use special kind of techniques or machine, for example, rotation turning, tangential turning, ultrasonic protection or special toll geometries. All of these solutions have a high cost and difficult usability. In this paper, the authors describe a system and summarize the results of the experimental research carried out mainly in the field of Magnetic Abrasive Polishing (MAP) and Magnetic Roller Burnishing (MRB). These technologies are simple and also cheap while result the twist-free surfaces. During the tests, C45 normalized steel was used as workpiece material which was machined by simple and Wiper geometrical turning inserts in a CNC turning lathe. After the turning was used the MAP and MRB technologies to reduce the twist of surfaces. The evaluation was completed by advanced measuring and IT equipment.

Abstract: This paper deals with hobbing and finish-hobbing that considers the machine environment when using various hard hob materials. Experiments were conducted by simulating hobbing by fly tool cutting on a milling machine. The results are summarized as follows. (1) Under the condition of hobbing with TiN-coated tools in dry cutting and with a minimal quantity of lubricant (MQL) system, P20 and P30 hob materials as the substrate show stable cutting and do not cause tool failure. The flank wear obtained with P30 is less than that obtained with P10 and P20 in the case of the coated TiAlN film tool. The MQL system shows flank wear reduction compared with dry cutting. (2) Under the condition of finish-hobbing, when using the TiN-coated tool, the flank wear obtained with dry cutting is smaller than that obtained with the MQL system. The flank wear increases in the order of P10, P20 and P30 hob materials, and the P10 hob material is effective. The TiAlN-coated P30 tool decreases flank wear and is suitable for finish-hobbing in dry cutting and with the MQL system. (3) Under the condition of hobbing, the finished surface roughness obtained with the MQL system when using TiN-and TiAlN-coated tools is smaller than that obtained by dry cutting. (4) Under the condition of finish-hobbing, the finished surface roughness obtained with TiN-and TiAlN-coated P30 is small in dry cutting and with the MQL system.

Abstract: Due to its wide application improvement of fire protection of materials has always been topical. Aim of the research is to render textile materials less flammable in an economically and environmentally friendly manner using modified commercial products. Plain wave cotton fabric pretreated with cyclic phosphonate flame retardant (FR) Itoflam PES was used in experiments. Printing pastes Printperfect LAC 60, Tubiscreen EX-TS and Printperfect EX-AR with additive antimony trioxide (Sb₂O₃) were used for additional treatment of cotton fabric via flat screen coating method. FR properties, physico – mechanical characteristics (tensile strength, elongation, stiffness, abrasion resistance) were examined. It is concluded that foamed coating increases the stiffness and abrasion resistance of material. Recommendations for material application are given.