Papers by Keyword: Fire

Abstract: This paper presents a numerical investigation of water supply for cooling tertiary containment wall. These type of tanks are used as a part of petroleum high storage tank. Minimum quantity reasonably needed is perform by heat – balance equation. The calculation in is done for the most heat stressed wall part for a case when neighbouring tank is on fire.

Abstract: Current study focuses to the application of an advanced physics-based (reaction–diffusion) fire behavior model to the fires spreading through surface vegetation such as grasslands and elevated vegetation such as trees present in forest stands. This model in three dimensions, called Wildland Fire Dynamics Simulator WFDS, is an extension, to vegetative fuels, of the structural FDS developed at NIST. For simplicity, the vegetation was assumed to be uniformly distributed in a tree crown represented by a well defined geometric shape. This work on will focus on predictions of thermal function such as the radiation heat transfer and and thermal function for diverse cases of spatial distribution of vegetation in forest stands. The influence of wind, climate characteristics and terrain topography will also be used to extend and validate the model. The results obtained provide a basis to carry out a risk analysis for fire spread in the studied vegetative fuels in the Mediterranean forest fires.

Abstract: Fire can cause death, serious injury, and significant damage to properties. Industrial plants are dangerous places for fires. In the past, industrial fires have occurred more often than they should. Many industries are at high risk of fire due to the nature of work, and unfortunately it only takes one mistake to cause a serious life-threatening fire. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method is particularly suitable for modeling qualitative criteria and has found extensive applications in a wide variety of areas. In this paper we will focus on the AHP multiple criteria decision making approach for selecting a type of industrial plant at risk of fire in Thailand. The data were analyzed using Expert Choice11 software. Results showed that the type of 53 (Business related to plastic products) is reasonable for selection as a pilot plant for fire safety measurement with a corresponding consistency ratio of 0.06 C.R.≤0.09 for 4×4 pairwise comparison matrix. The pairwise comparison matrix is thought to have acceptable consistency and its normalized principle right eigenvector can be used as the weights of criteria. Limitations and future work of this study are also discussed.

Abstract: This paper presents models for calculating the fire behavior of Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) elements. A 2D FE thermal model was employed to analyze heat transfer within LVL panels. The thermal model was found to provide good predictions when comparing the calculated temperatures and residual cross-section dimensions of LVL panels with the experiment results.

Abstract: Even though lightweight foamed concrete has low mechanical properties compared to normal weight concrete, there is a potential of using this material as partition or load-bearing wall in low-rise residential construction. Before it can be considered for use as a load-bearing element in the building industry, it is necessary to acquire reliable information of its mechanical properties at ambient and high temperatures for quantification of its fire resistance performance. This paper will present the results of experiments that have been carried out to examine and characterize the residual compressive strength of foamed concrete after high temperatures. Foamed concrete with 700 kg/m³ and 1000 kg/m³ density were cast and tested. The compression tests were carried out at ambient temperature, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600°C.

Abstract: This paper describes the results of a fire test conducted on two-way slab with two edges clamped and two edges simply supported. The details of support condition, arrangement of reinforcement, position of displacement transducers and thermocouple trees are described. The experimental results such as the temperature distributions within the slab, vertical deflections and horizontal displacements are presented. The experimental results show that the temperature distribution along the slab depth was nonlinear and the temperature gradients in the slab were large. Main cracks near the clamped edges occurred on the top surface of the slab. It is shown that two-way slab with two edges clamped and two edges simply supported has good fire resistance.

Abstract: Objective. To analysis of steel concrete piers load - displacement curve of the whole process, to explore steel concrete piers ultimate bearing capacity and deformation effects at different temperatures. Method. Using ABAQUS finite element software for concrete piers steel axial compression nonlinear analysis, analyze the effects of different temperatures on the piers ultimate bearing capacity and deformation capacity utilization of the whole curve obtained. Results. As the temperature increases, the ultimate bearing capacity of concrete steel piers greatly reduced, the yield strength of the material is also decreased, reached the ultimate bearing capacity of the pier when the corresponding displacement is also significantly reduced. Conclusion. The temperature has a significant impact on ultimate bearing capacity and yield strength.

Abstract: Bamboo has three drying methods: open air drying; fire drying and kiln-drying. This work was carried out three drying methods for the three bamboo species: Dendrocalamus giganteus, Bambusa vulgaris vittata variation and Phyllostachys pubescens. We also analyzed the quality of the dried bamboo for cracks and used the parallel compression test in order to find which kind of bamboo showed higher strength in the parallel compression test to the fibers. We observed that the species showed cracks in the process of kiln drying, and changing color in the kiln drying and fire drying. Compared to open air drying, all species showed an absence of drying defects. We analysed the parallel compression test and the kiln drying was the best result presented for Phyllostachys pubescens and Dendrocalamus giganteus species.

Abstract: The characteristics of the behavior of building materials against the fire could realize a preponderant role in the result of an eventual burning situation, difficulting or contributing to reach a critical stage. The present study evaluated the mechanical properties in compression parallel to grain of five pieces of wood from the roof structure of a residence undergo the fire in the rural area of Itapeva/SP. The roof structure was built 25 years ago using wooden beams of the species Guarucaia (Peltophorum vogelianum), where the specimens were obtained. The objective of this work was to realize a case study about strength and stiffness in parallel compression to wood grain in a roof structure of a house located in Itapeva/SP, according to its level of thermal degradation, upon the occurrence of a real fire. In general, despite the many variables involved, the results based on woods of a real fire shown are consistent with the fire simulations provided by the literature.

Abstract: Thermokinetic constants for the drying process of different steppe fuels are determined using the developed method for solving inverse kinetic problems on the basis of obtained experimental data. The anatomical structure of the investigated fuels is found to be a dominant parameter influencing on evaporation. The basic conductor of combustion is proposed for prediction of fire hazard for the investigated area.