Papers by Keyword: Fish Scale

Abstract: Extraction of the natural halal hydroxyapatite (HAp) from fish scale (Black Tilapia) was produced by calcining of raw fish scale at 600 °C and 800 °C. The produced powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, (EDX). The crystallite size, cell parameters, strain and crystallinity of the raw fish scale and derived HAp calcined powder were observed from the XRD results. By increasing the calcination temperature, the average crystallite size HAp amount increased and close to the pure HAp (JCPDS: 9-432). SEM analysis showed the raw fish scale surface morphology contains collagen fiber compared with boiled and after calcination of the powder samples. The calcined fish scale powders at 800°C morphology was discovered embraced of hexagonal fragments form. The EDX investigation exposed that the fish scale from HAp powder calcined at temperature 600 °C contain a high amount of magnesium and sodium compared to the powder that was calcined at 800 °C.

Abstract: Hydroxyapatite extensively used for orthopaedic and dental reconstruction as biomaterials due to their chemical and biological similarity to human hard tissue. Therefore, this paper describes the extraction of natural hydroxyapatite from tilapia fish scale via a conventional heat treatment. The calcination temperatures (600, 800, 1000, and 1200°C) were varied. XRD results indicated that the presences of biphasic phase (HA/β-TCP) were identified during heat treatment. Transformation of biphasic phase to single phase (β-TCP) can be observed at 1200°C, results on decomposition of hydroxyapatite. The degree of crystallinity and crystallite size originated increase with the calcination temperature. The FT-IR spectra confirmed that all organic compounds were eliminated during the heat treatment process. FESEM images were used to determine the size and shape of grains of calcined samples. The biphasic mineral grain size was estimated in range of 500 – 100 nm. The analysis show that variation of calcination temperatures significantly impact on the properties of hydroxyapatite derived from tilapia fish scale.

Abstract: Fish scale, a by-product of fish processing, contains abundant of hydroxyapatite. Boiling fish scale in alkaline solution can fabricate adsorbent for sewage treatment. Degumming experiment had been investigated by exploring different heating time. Adsorption experiment had compared the adsorption effect of carmine by different fish scale sample. The results indicated that degummed fish scale had the best adsorption effect for containing both surface adsorption by hydroxyapatite and electrostatic adherence by collagen.

Abstract: Collagen for biomedical applications is mainly isolated from animal tissues (bovine or porcine skin and bovine or equine Achilles tendons). Type I collagen has been also extracted from skin, bone, fins and scales of fresh water and marine fishes. Fish scales are composed of collagen covered with calcium salts. In the present study we report the preparation of collagen from fish scales for potential cosmetic, pharmaceutical and implant applications. In our laboratory collagen was isolated from scales of Esox lucius. It was the first time that this species were used as sources of collagen. Extraction of collagen from fish scales was done in two steps. In the first step, fish scales were demineralized using EDTA. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis of demineralized scale was carried out for quantitative estimation of inorganic content. Then, demineralized fish scales were dissolved in acetic acid. Collagen isolated from Esox Lucius may serve as an attractive and safe source of collagen for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Fish collagen can be processed in sheet, sponges foams, injectable viscous solution, and dispersions.

Abstract: In this experiment, the copper-containing wastewater was adsorbed by HAP which was prepared by high temperature calcination after high temperature cooking fish scales. By the single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments, the optimal conditions were as follows: the initial concentration of copper ion was 200mg/L,the dosage of HAP was 0.2g,the reaction time was 30min,and pH was 5. The maximum removal efficiency was 98.23%.

Abstract: This paper describes the processing and characterization of a new class of epoxy matrix composites reinforced with short fibers obtained from the scales of a fresh water fish (Labeo rohita). The functional groups involved in the formation of the resulting composite are identified. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis shows that the formation of hydrogen bonds occurring at the fiber-matrix interface between the oxygen atom of the epoxy and hydrogen atom of the polypeptide chain of fish scale is responsible for the formation of this new class of composites. These composites possess improved micro-hardness and exhibit tensile and flexural strengths marginally different from those of neat epoxy. These composites are expected to find applications as potential materials for conveyor belt rollers, pipes carrying pulverized coal in power plants, pump and impeller blades and also as low cost housing materials.

Abstract: The extraction of collagen from fish scales with papain under ultrasonic pretreatment was conducted in this paper. The effects of the ultrasonic pretreatment time, the ratio of papain to fish scales, the extraction temperature and the extraction time on the extraction rate of collagen were investigated by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment, respectively. The results showed that the optimum conditions for collagen extraction from fish scales were: ultrasonic pretreatment time 4min, ratio of papain to fish scales 4%, temperature 60°C and extraction time 5h. Under the optimum conditions the extraction rate of collagen reached 90.7%.

Abstract: A Scanning Electron Microscopic study on the fish scale of Cyprinus carpio communis (freshwater carp), depicts remarkable structural and compositional characteristics which may be used as inspiration for novel biomaterial design. The fracture surface structure and sintered fish scale reveals an osseous layer on its dorsal side. It has a compact heterogeneous crystalloid-like structure of assorted shapes and sizes. The ventral side is made of orthogonally arranged mineralized needle like crystalloids template embedded in a fibrillary plate. Frozen scales revealed that this dorsal layer may contain high atomic number elements as it appeared bright with back scattered electron signals. The ventral side consists of collagen plates and a matrix, which are arranged orthogonally in a double-twisted, plywood-like structure. There are alternate crystalloid and matrix which are arranged orthogonally and forming 15-17 layers in between these two sides. This provides useful information of scale composition. Design features from the structure of the fish scale may be useful in the development of functional biomaterials, in various different fields including nano-composites, biopolymers and natural source of hydroxyapatite, used in applied therapeutic, pharmaceutical industries and semiconductor technology. The tolerance of the fish scale to high temperature and very low temperature cooling revealed unique characteristics for biomaterial fabrication. The orthogonally arranged ventral side plates of collagen embedded in proteoglycans may also prove to be a good source of scaffold material for cell culturing for tissue engineering.