Papers by Keyword: Frontal Impact

Abstract: On account of the steadily increasing number of road casualties, the present research study underpins a thorough investigation on the impact issue between the driver’s knee and the vehicle’s dash board. Such type of impacts tends to occur especially in frontal collisions between a vehicle and an obstacle or another vehicle. Thus, aiming at determining the impact force in the coxofemoral joint, we have carried out a series of virtual simulations by means of the LS-DYNA software package. Also, we had to consider the influence the vehicle’s velocity impact displays upon the injury degree in the driver’s lower limbs area. Furthermore, an additional method to determine the impact force in this joint was to implement a mathematical modelling of the impact phenomenon. In the end, after having completed the two processes, we sought compare the results obtained both by the virtual simulation, and mathematical modelling.

Abstract: The present underpins a computer-assisted investigation regarding the driver’s behavior and the injuries suffered in frontal vehicle collision, more precisely the injuries suffered in the thorax area. Hence, by means of the LS-Dyna software package we have carried out two series of virtual simulations with a dummy positioned on the driver’s place, i.e. belted and unbelted. For the simulation we have selected a Hybrid III 5th percentile female dummy. Aiming at achieving a simulation that would display a high accuracy degree with respect to the driver’s kinematic behaviour at the impact moment, our complete model also included, besides the dummy, the elements in the habitable: the seat, the seat belt, the steering wheel, the airbag and the dash board. Thus, the focus of the undertaken study was to establish the accelerations in the driver’s thorax area as well as the injury degree, expressed by the CSI (Chest Severity Index). The results obtained validated our hypothesis in that passive safety systems, i.e. the seat belt, diminish considerably the driver’s injuries degree in case of a road traffic accident.

Abstract: In this paper is presented the analysis of the behavior of occupants inside a vehicle during road events, methods and means of biomechanics. Also, to analyze the behavior of the occupants were taken into account research methods impact occupant kinematics, based techniques for acquisition and processing of experimental data.

Abstract: Biomechanics is the science that uses mechanical equations in studying biological structures such as bones, muscles, ligaments, joints and other body structures. It is important in understanding the mechanism of injury to the cervical spine (C1-C7) and head bones. We developed a mathematical approach to mechanical behavior of cervical vertebrae and inter-vertebral discs, in terms of laboratory testing. The paper presents the mathematical model based on Lagrange equations for a frontal impact testing head-neck system. The steps for the solving these equations are exposed in the paper. These studies were combined with FEA and dynamic analysis for determination of constants,parameters, forces and functional relations. Results and conclusions were analyzed in the final of the paper.

Abstract: Concerned challenge of road safety in research and development, most automotive companies develops more than 50 years, technologies that improve the safety of their vehicles presented. Most research is based on studies carried out in the laboratories accidentology and analysis of human behavior to improve biofidelity test these models in order to develop the most effective equipment to investigate real-life situations that can arise on the road. There are programs on road safety designed around four key areas: prevention, correction, protection and awareness. If, in the best case to protect in case of an incident is crucial to avoid the accident is an absolute priority. Studies show that human error is the basis of 80% of all cases occurring in road events [1]. Today, automotive companies never cease to develop new safety devices which prevent an accident or to protect the passengers. Elections conducted safety relies on a greater degree of prevention, more anticipation, the driver is still the factor responsible for the act of driving Extremely complex, however, and the body structure and reactivity to shock [2]. Shock response is broad and consists of biomechanical response and neuro major spending in the immediate care and rehabilitation.

Abstract: The present paper underpins a contrastive study of the driver’s behavior and the injuries suffered in frontal vehicle collision, with a focus on the analysis of head-specific injuries. Four different simulation cases have been performed by means of the LS-DYNA software, where a seated belted and/or unbelted Hybrid III 50th percentile male dummy was in turns normally-positioned and out of position. Accordingly, both the analyses as well as the numerical simulation have been completed by applying a five-component model that encompasses: the dummy, the seat, the seatbelt, the steering wheel and the airbag. The assembly’s prescribed motion has been defined following a frontal Virtual Crash software-based impact simulation of a mid-size sedan at a velocity of 50 km/h against a rigid wall. The results analysis aimed at identifying the longitudinal variation laws over time in head displacements and accelerations as well as lateral motion. Admittedly, the results analysis certified that a more controlled-oriented approach to the selection of the driver’s normal positioning is a prerequisite in compliance with typical driving particularities.

Abstract: In modern society, a plenty of car accident is occurred and a lot of people get injury every day. For this reason, the importance of car safety has been increased and car safety has been extensively studied. Especially in many countries, the law about using baby safety seat is legislated to protect babies and children from accident. Thus, recently numerous products for baby safety have been developed. In this paper, a new type baby car seat is proposed to protect babies and children from frontal accident. In order to achieve this goal, design requirements of spring and MR(Magnetorheological) Damper which are main elements for a new type baby car seat are investigated.

Abstract: The subject of this paper permits the cooperation between many researchers which activate in different fields, which have the capacity to develop informational methods and technologies to solve difficult problems given by the complexity of the scientifically target. Using computer-aided design (CAD) and dynamic simulation programs was developed a virtual model of the cervical human spine that includes the main muscle groups simulated by springs with dynamic parameters, nonlinear and variable. Were studied the main types of movements (displacements) lateral bending (left-right) and flexion-extension movements.

Abstract: Traffic safety problem becomes increasingly serious as a result of the rapid development of China automobile industry as well as increasing car’s ownership. The occupant road traffic injury data of NASS / CDS database (2005-2010) are systematically explored to statistically analyze injury characteristics and effects of collision velocity and angle for those occupants with lower extremity injury in frontal crash. Results of the present study has significant value on the design of vehicle crashworthiness and occupant restraint system.

Abstract: Belt and airbag are the most important protection devices in vehicle frontal crash, which can have the best protective performance when only they were well matched with vehicle body structure. In this paper the theoretical guidance for optimizing belt and airbag parameters is researched, in order to improve the effect and efficiency of parameters optimization of restraint system. Firstly, a simulation model for occupant restraint system is developed based on the finite element theory combined with multi rigid body theory, and its effectiveness for simulating the occupant dynamic response in frontal impact is validated. Then, the energy dissipation characteristics of occupant head and chest in typical frontal crash are analyzed based on the developed model. Lastly, the adaptive level of restraint system parameters are evaluated according to the dissipation characteristics of occupant energy, and theoretical guidance for parameters optimization are summarized based on the evaluation. The analysis results indicate that: (1) airbag with low stiffness cannot fully utilize the deformation of vehicle body to dissipate the energy of occupant head, but may increase the risk of head injury; (2) belt with high stiffness would apply a big force to occupant, which could increase the compression amount of chest and may increase the risk of chest injury.