Papers by Keyword: GIS

Abstract: This study developed a user-friendly and simplified Spatial Decision Support System using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques to provide essential information for road managers. This enables the application of appropriate treatments at the right time, based on the available budget. A Global Positioning System (GPS) device was used to collect coordinate data for designated routes within Akure metropolis. Twenty (20) different roads were selected for the study. Data such as road names, coordinates, distances, and infrastructure or facilities unique to each road were collected through reconnaissance surveys, GPS tools, administrative road maps of the city, and street guides clearly showing Akure’s road network. The data were processed using Microsoft Excel, and classifications of the selected roads were made for easy referencing. Database design and creation were carried out using GIS tools within the ArcGIS environment. Digitization of data, labeling of features, symbology, layout design, hyperlinking, and other spatial features were implemented using ArcGIS applications. Each road was linked to its characteristic information, allowing users to access and update information as needed. The result shows that 95% of the total selected roads lack traffic lights and pedestrian bridge facilities. Forty-five percent of the roads have street light facilities. 5% of the road has traffic light facilities. 75% have no bus shelters. Only 5% of the total selected roads have all the identified road facilities. It was concluded that some of the selected roads were not in good condition. While some road facilities were defective, other roads lacked the necessary road facilities that could aid traffic flow. However, the data and associated attributes of each road can be used to support administrative decisions regarding maintenance.

Abstract: Morphometric analysis has been conducted to measure a river basin's linear, aerial, and relief aspects. Studies showed that basin morphometry has a relationship with the hydrologic phenomenon of a river basin, thus influencing occurrences of floods, run-off, erosion, and channel abrasion. The Binahaan River in Leyte, Philippines, has a history of frequent flooding events that average more than one damage-causing event yearly. The study aimed to determine the morphometric parameters of the Binahaan River basin and evaluate their implications for hydrologic processes, most specifically, flooding, using a Geographic Information System (GIS) to delineate, extract, and analyze the parameters. The study revealed the flood susceptibility ranking of the sub-catchments: High (catchments 6 and 7), Intermediate (catchments 1 and 5), and Low (catchments 2, 3, and 4). Catchments 6 and 7 were noted to have high basin relief, relief ratio, ruggedness number, and mean bifurcation ratio with low circularity ratio and compactness coefficient. Validation through interviews and georeferencing with existing flood hazard maps also mainly showed the same results. The study presented that morphometric analysis and GIS can be utilized to analyze drainage basins comprising large areas with time constraints but still yield accurate data.

Abstract: Groundwater is a vital resource for the economy of the Taza region. A 12-month prospective study was carried out from March 2023 to April 2024, with the aim of assessing the hygienic quality (physico-chemical and bacteriological), using a geographic information system or GIS, of well and spring water used as drinking water and for domestic activities by the population of certain communes in the Taza region. A total of 11 water samples were taken at 11 points likely to pose a health risk to their users. These points were identified by data sheets indicating their topographical coordinates. The results revealed various types of contamination, mainly expressed by two types of pollution: significant microbial pollution in 100% of the waters, originating from percolating runoff and domestic and industrial wastewater; low to significant chemical pollution in all the waters studied. The results obtained show that the various parameters: dissolved oxygen, nitrate and nitrite concentrations are too high in relation to national standards in several of the samples analyzed.

Abstract: The chemical characterization of the Ghis-Nekor aquifer has attracted significant attention from researchers in Morocco. It is a crucial indicator of the environmental situation and the socio-economic development of this Moroccan region. Indeed, it helps decision makers to conduct a conscious and sustainable management. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the origin of salinity using isopoly elements such as Stronstium and Bromide and to evaluate the physicochemical quality of groundwater in the Ghis-Nekor aquifer region and to determine the sources of pollution in order to establish maps of the qualities of the Ghis-Nekor water table. For this reason, of Ghis-Nekor aquifer 19 samples were examined during the month of July 2023, in terms of isotopic elements such as bromine (Br) and strontium (Sr) et tantalum (Ta) (03 samples), and in terms of physico-chemical parameters such as pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), Chlorides, Nitrates, Ammonium, Nitrite, Sulfates, Sodium, Potassium, Bicarbonates, Calcium, orthophosphates and Magnesium . The spatial distribution of the results was visualized through thematic maps generated using a Geographic Information System (GIS), offering crucial insights for decision-making processes related to water resource management in the region.The water temperature varies between 15.1 and 49°C. The pH is close to neutral, varying between 6.65 and 7.86. The waters are classified into three distinct chemical facies: chlorinated and sulfated calcic-magnesium facies, bicarbonated calcic-magnesium facies, and chlorinated sodium-potassium facies.The degradation of water quality in the aquifer of the basin of Ghis-Nkour could have geological and anthropogenic origins. The analysis of bromide and strontium contents allows to discriminate the origin of salinity anomalies. Molar ratios such as Cl/Br, Br/Cl, and Sr/Ca are employed to distinguish areas influenced by geological factors, such as the leaching of salt formations and facies, from those impacted by anthropogenic activities.

Abstract: In order to manage urbanization in a responsible way, it is even more critical to perform either a prior geotechnical study or a geological study before the projects are started. However, performing these investigations usually brings about some extra expenditure which can raise the cost of the project by ten times the original budget. This case study is on the city of Casablanca, Morocco and aims at carrying out geotechnical and geological survey of soil and rocks using GIS and geostatical approaches. Its primary aim is to develop a systematic geotechnical database and relevant geotechnical maps which can be readily used by practitioners across civil and geotechnical engineering sectors without undertaking new geotechnical exploration. For this purpose, geological and geotechnical maps as well as data gathered from 100 region surveys were collected and processed. It has been demonstrated that the substratum of the located area in Casablanca, contains the deposits of silt, calcarenites, marls, graywackes, and siltstones. The oldest deposits date to the Middle Cambrian while the youngest to the Holocene. Two important maps one of material bearing capacity and other of substratum for accurate depiction on geotechnical data was prepared by integrating geostatistical concepts into GIS. The soil bearing capacity at the study site was found to range between 2 bars to 4 bars with moderate bearing grade structure in the area.

Abstract: Assessing the impact of military actions is an important task that allows for evaluating the extent of damage, forecasting environmental restoration measures, and making decisions regarding risk and threat management. The purpose of the work is to develop a procedure for applying satellite monitoring to assess the impact of military actions on natural complexes. The study presents available tools for identifying fires and damage to forest stands, steppe areas, and arable land, as well as determining their area and nature. Using the proposed satellite monitoring procedure, an assessment of the fire consequences for the especially valuable areas of the Dnipro-Buh Estuary in Mykolaiv region (Ukraine) was conducted.

Abstract: The present contribution illustrates recent developments within the research project E_Profil. This project targets the development of a toolbox for the exploration of neighborhood profiles in terms of socio-cultural, urban development and energy-related aspects. Thereby, the major goal is to facilitate an energy and resource efficient and environmentally responsible mid-and long-term development of Austrian cities. The specific contribution described in this paper illustrates a simple methodology for the efficient use of GIS-data toward the derivation of urban development strategies in view of energy usage. In a first step, the geometry data of one (or multiple) specific urban neighborhoods is semantically enriched by additional information (building period, energy status of the buildings, etc.). Such data can be usually found in different archives of the corresponding city or can be collected in-situ. Subsequently, this enriched database must be further processed to form input data bundles, which can be used to derive key performance indicators of individual buildings, selected subsets of the total building stock of the neighborhood or the overall building stock. Based on these procedures, impact analysis of different mid-and long-term transformation policies regarding the energy performance of the neighborhood (s) can be performed in a convenient fashion. This contribution illustrates the approach and delivers a proof of concept based on two urban districts of the city of Linz, Austria.

Abstract: The article deals with the issues of information support for the implementation of comprehensive improvement of built-up areas. As one of the effective means the authors propose the development of a urban-environmental passport of the reconstruction territory, containing all the necessary information about the town-planning characteristics of the territory and its geological and ecological status. The authors also propose the technique of calculating the habitat quality index, which is an integrated assessment of the urban environment ecological state over the entire set of environmental parameters. On the basis of the data contained in the urban-environmental passport of the territory, as well as the results of the habitat quality index calculation, the optimal set of urban-environmental measures to improve the quality of the habitat could be chosen. The proposed technique for calculating the habitat quality index and development of an urban-environmental passport are universal and easily adaptable for any municipality.

Abstract: The central dry zone area of Myanmar is characterized as vulnerable area due to water stressed and one of the most food insecure regions in the country. In this region, the adverse effects of climate change are believed to be a major constraint to vulnerability. Theses extreme climatic events are likely increase in frequency and magnitude of serious drought periods and extreme floods. For vulnerability assessment we used remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) technology and develop a numerical model, using spatial principle component analysis (SPCA) in ArcGIS software and evaluate two decade (1995, 2005 & 2016) vulnerability evaluation. The model contains following indicators: discharge change, climate moisture, drained area, flood risk, irrigation, evapotranspiration, precipitation, surface runoff, nitrogen load and population distribution. According to the numerical results, the vulnerability is classified into five levels: slight, light, medial, heavy and very heavy level by means of the cluster principle. The results show that vulnerability in the study area from 1995 to 2016 is at medial (25%) and heavy (25%) level and presents from south-west to north east direction. The vulnerability change trend show worst situation in 1995 (29.80) and best one in 2005 (17.45) but again vulnerability was increase in 2016 (21.58). In the study area the main driving forces for dynamic change in vulnerability is the intensive land use and high population density. This spatial approach allowed the analysis of different indicators, providing a platform for data integration as well as a visually powerful overview of the study area.

Abstract: Flash floods in Egypt are considered the worst weather-related natural disasters. They are dangerous as they suddenly and unpredictably occur. Ras Gharib City is one of the recent cities that was subjected to a destructive flash flood in October 2016. The city was founded 85 years ago and it has no flood hazard history. This paper presents the utilization of GIS environment in estimating the drainage streams discharging towards the city using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 30m spatial resolution. Two scenarios are conducted in this study to show why Ras Gharib was subjected to a flash flood. In the first scenario, a drainage map is conducted using the normal elevations extracted from the topographic map. In the second scenario, a drainage map is conducted using the same extracted elevations after elevating Minya - Ras Gharib Highway with 1.5m. The study shows that elevating the highway is the main reason of subjecting the city to this flood causing 11 dead people and 36 injured.