Papers by Keyword: Gases

Abstract: The article shows the process of preparing an oxide layer on the surface of titanium for use in industrial catalysis. Data from physical and chemical studies are presented, namely microhardness, porosity, thickness, specific surface area, adhesion and thermal stability of the active layer.To determine the physicochemical characteristics of the resulting oxide layer, the following analysis methods were used: X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray diffraction phase analysis (XPA), X-ray absorption analysis (XRA), and X-ray fluorescence analysis. The thickness of the oxide layer depending on the duration of anodization was estimated by optical microscopy.

Abstract: Two series of experiments on the formation of convective flows in multicomponent liquid and gaseous mixtures are considered. In the first series, the convective structures arising during the diffusion of a binary aqueous solution of salt and sugar in an aqueous solution of pure salt were studied using the schlieren method. The observed behavior of convective cells corresponds to the instability similar to the "finger structures". In the second series, the experiments were conducted to determine the effective diffusion coefficients as a function of pressure in gas mixtures 0.5504 CH₄ + 0.4496 Ar – N₂ and 0.5994 H₂ + 0.4006 Ar – N₂. Our experiments have shown that the onset of convective flows both in liquid and gaseous multicomponent mixtures is due to the difference in the interdiffusion coefficients of the components. The experimental data for the ternary gas mixtures are described in the framework of the linear theory of stability.

Abstract: The results of optimization of catalysts for gases clearing from sulfur dioxide using processes of oxidation are presented in this work. The researches carried out with the help of modern methods: kinetic, IR-, UV-spectrophotometric, viscometry, LG-chromatography, redox-potentiometric. It is shown, that developed complexes of transitive metals immobilized on a polymeric matrix are highly effective and stable catalysts for the sulphur dioxide oxidation processes. By the example of cobalt compounds the reactions kinetic investigated in details, the kinetic equation is received, allowing to optimize process of gases clearing from sulfur dioxide, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of process are calculated.

Abstract: A new type of a positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) system has been set up at the superconducting electron accelerator ELBE [ at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf. In contrast to existing source-based PALS systems, the approach described here makes use of an intense photon beam from electron bremsstrahlung which converts through pair production into positrons inside the sample under study. The article focusses on the production of intense bremsstrahlung using a superconducting electron linear accelerator, the production of positrons inside the sample under study, the efficient detector setup which allows for annihilation lifetime and Doppler-broadening spectroscopy simultaneously. Selected examples of positron annihilation spectroscopy are presented.

Abstract: Low-activation Fe-Cr-Mn alloy and 316L stainless steel were irradiated with 92 MeV Ar ions at about 500°C, to fluences of 0.8~1.7×1021 ions m-2 .After irradiation, cross-sectional specimens were investigated with transmission electron microscopy.Cavities with high number density were observed in the peak dose regions. The cavity number density reaches maximum at Ar concentration peak, while cavity mean size is consistent with displacement damage profile. It is indicated that Ar atoms can enhance cavity formation in a manner similar to helium. There are thresholds of dose and dose rate for the bi-modal size distribution of cavities. The significant growth of a small portion of cavities in the peak damage region at the highest ion-fluence is ascribed to the effect of interactive sink strength of cavities.