Papers by Keyword: Gelatin

Abstract: This study observed the properties of gelatin as tissue-mimicking materials for quality assessment of image quality in the quantitative T2 MRI method. Images for spin-spin relaxation time (T2) measurement were acquired using MRI 3 Tesla system. T2 values were measured by acquiring T2 images from gelatin samples as tissue-mimicking materials with five different concentrations: 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. The decay rate of signal intensity values over various echo-time (TE) was used to plot an exponential graph for T2 values, with spin-spin relaxation rate (R2) as the reciprocal of T2. The signal intensities and T2 values were observed to determine the relation between gelatin concentration and those parameters. The gelatin concentration is inversely proportional to T2 value, but no relation is found between gelatin concentration and signal intensity. The result shows that gelatin concentration of 30% has potential for tissue-mimicking materials for white matter and spinal cord. This study is potentially developed for further studies of tissue-mimicking materials for phantom development in quantitative MRI.

Abstract: It is important for consumers to be aware of the source of gelatin due to religious restrictions, as pork is forbidden for consumption by Muslims and Jews, and cows are forbidden for consumption by Hindus. Fishery waste, such as fish bones and scales, can be a promising alternative raw material for gelatin production, as they are halal for consumption. The process of gelatin preparation involves several stages, including pretreatment, degreasing, demineralization, and hydrolysis using bromelain enzyme. hydrolysis process using bromelain enzyme ranging from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7% at 300 rpm and temperature 55 °C. Hydrolysis was carried out for 6 hours and 9 hours for each concentration. Characterizations of gelatin was conducted for pH, water content, ash content, Fourier Transform-Infrared Analyzer (FTIR), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectrometry and Gas chromatography (GC). Based on the research, the optimum conditions for produce halal gelatin from red snapper scales was obtained at 5% bromelain enzyme for 9 hours for hydrolized collagen to gelatin with a yield of 11.414%, pH of 5.3, water content of 7%, ash content of 2.1%, and free from alcohol and heavy metals. The FTIR spectra show that the absorption at wavenumber 2944.5, 1628.74, 1524.55, and 1332.14 cm^-1 respectively, indicating the presence of C–H, C=O, C=C and C–N stretching. The presence of absorption peaks of that functional groups show gelatin has been formed. XRF analysis show the absence of heavy metals as Hg, Pb, Cd, and Zn. Fish-based gelatin in this study is produced through a halal process, using halal ingredients, and its product does not contain alcohol, thus the gelatin produced in this study is a halal product.

Abstract: The mechanical strength and structural stability of gelatin film were enhanced by crosslinking with dialdehyde cellulose (DC), having an aldehyde content of 65%. However, the elasticity of the film was improved by plasticizers. The recent work aims to examine the effect of plasticizer type on the characteristics of the gelatin film crosslinked with DC (GDC). The results demonstrated that the weight loss of the films increased after 24 hours of immersion in distilled water, resulting in diminished structural stability compared to the GDC film without adding a plasticizer. Insignificant differences in mechanical properties were observed among the GDC-plasticizer films. The GDC film with glycerol had the most vivid yellow hue, followed by the ones with PEG and sorbitol, respectively. Following a better appearance, the GDC film supplemented with sorbitol could be a potential candidate for packaging application.

Abstract: The motion of a rigid sphere located at tissue-mimicking material interface in response to a dynamic force of short duration for the purpose of the determination of material viscoelastic properties was investigated in this study. The experiments were performed using a rigid sphere located at tissue-like material (gelatin phantom) interfaces. An electromagnet was used to apply the desired dynamic force to the sphere and a high-speed camera was used to track the movement of the sphere. Using the experimentally measured response of the sphere and the dynamic response of the sphere predicted by a sophisticated analytical model of the sphere located at a medium interface, the shear modulus, density and damping of the tissue-mimicking material were determined. The procedure followed in this study successfully produced the shear modulus, density and viscous damping ratio of the 20% (and 30%) gelation phantom as 1320 Pa, 1040 kg/m³ and 0.12 (and 2580 Pa, 1180 kg/m³ and 0.2), respectively. As the sophisticated theoretical model that is valid for small and large sphere displacements includes many parameters for the system such as the mass and size of the sphere, the inertia force of the medium involved in motion and the radiation damping due to shear waves and the experimental setup is very straightforward, it is believed that the procedure proposed in this study can be widely exploited to identify accurate material viscoelastic properties in practice.

Abstract: These days, nanofibers are used in the medical sector, such as drug delivery and wound dressing structures, because of their excellent characteristics, high permeability, and important surface area. Natural and synthetic polymers may be electrospun in the form of a blend. Besides, the antibiotics such as linezolid, enrofloxacin, and vancomycin are used in wound dressing due to their antibacterial properties. In this research, the blend nanofibrous structures made of PCL and gelatin (Gel) with a 25:75 ratio were produced for wound dressing applications. Clindamycin HCL as a drug was added to Gel and PCL polymeric solutions. Surface morphology, functional groups, and hydrophilicity of nanofibers were examined using SEM, FT-IR spectroscopy, and contact angle measurement, respectively. In addition, the antibacterial properties of nanofibers were evaluated quantitatively. The drug release mechanism of samples was investigated which the best-fitted model was recognized Korsmeyer-Peppas model. SEM images of scaffolds demonstrated uniform and bead-free morphology that, with incorporating the 6% of the drug, the diameters of mats were decreased from 398 nm to 303 nm. Moreover, the samples showed proper hydrophilicity and antibacterial properties against a gram-positive (89%) and a gram-negative (98%) bacterium. Finally, the nanofibers are capable of releasing the clindamycin gradually for 6 days.

Abstract: Endothelial cells (EC), which line the internal surface of blood vessels, play various essential roles in controlling vascular function. The mouse is an important animal model for the study of vascular biology and cardiovascular diseases. However, the isolation of primary EC from the murine aorta is challenging because they are readily contaminated by smooth muscle cells (SMC). A previous study developed a simple method to isolate murine EC from SMC. By taking advantage of the differential sedimentation rate between the two cells, the EC was selectively enriched with collagen-coated polystyrene surfaces. Our study further improved this method by introducing a biomimetic peptide REDV (Arg-Glu-Asp-Val), which may bind specifically to EC but not to SMC or fibroblasts. Firstly, REDV-gelatin conjugate was synthesized by using the amine-to-sulfhydryl crosslinker SMCC. REDV-gelatin coating was then prepared on polystyrene surfaces, and their affinities to EC and SMC were subsequently investigated. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometric analysis showed that EC adhesion to the gelatin coating was significantly promoted by REDV peptide conjugation. Moreover, cell migration assay and cell viability assay also showed that the conjugation of REDV does not affect EC migration, and this coating did not show cytotoxicity against EC. This gelatin-REDV coating provides a cost-effective and straightforward tool for isolating EC from SMC, which may facilitate in vitro investigations of EC from mice.

Abstract: The presented work presents the results of the studies carried out to elucidate the possibility of obtaining by the microencapsulation method of powdered polyetheretherketones and spherical copolyetheretherketones recommended for use in 3D-printing. The influence of temperature-time and concentration parameters, the reaction medium on the size of microencapsulated particles of polyetheretherketones and copolyetheretherketones was determined. It was determined that the bulk density of microencapsulated particles of polyetheretherketone and copolyetheretherketones is 8-10 times higher than similar unencapsulated ones.

Abstract: Urea is high solubility nitrogen fertilizer. There is major nitrogen pollution in ecosystem. Slow-release nitrogen fertilizer the way to decrease nitrogen form agriculture. Slow-release nitrogen fertilizer the way to decrease nitrogen in agriculture. Slow-release formulations of nitrogen fertilizer were developed based on alginate-gelatin by using calcium chloride as the cross-linker in the egg-box model as hydrogels. Water-retaining ratio, loading behavior, and the release kinetics were examined. The release kinetic rates were investigated by Zero-order kinetic, First-order kinetic, Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Weibull, and Hixson-Crowell models. The results showed that the S1G0.5 sample (alginate 1 g and gelatin 0.5 g) was the optimum condition for application as urea slow-release fertilizers because it was a minimal release kinetic rate for 12 hrs. These results indicate that the alginate-gelatin hydrogel can be a slow-release nutrient to plant an environmentally friendly fertilizer.

Abstract: The coaxial electrospun fibers with large specific surface area, high porosity and core-shell structure have been great applied in biomedical field, especially as drug delivery carriers. In this paper, PLGA(polylactic acid/glycolic acid copolymer) was used as the core and the mixture of PLGA and gelatin was used as the shell. PLGA/gelatin fiber was prepared by coaxial electrospinning technology. The effects of different parameters on the surface morphology and the diameter of fibers were investigated.

Abstract: Synthesis of Ni-NH₂/mesoporous silica bifunctional catalyst for conversion of used cooking oil into biofuel was carried out. The impregnation of Ni into the MS8 with a specific surface area of 666.6 m²/g, volume pore of 0.46 cm³/g, and diameter pore of 4.9 nm was done by wet impregnation method. The functionalization of NH₂ into the MS8 and Ni/MS8 was done by the grafting method. The catalytic activity test in used cooking oil hydrocracking was done by thermal (without catalyst), catalyst physical mixture of Ni/MS8 and NH₂/MS8, and Ni-NH₂/MS8 bifunctional catalyst. The results showed that the Ni/MS8 catalyst with acidity values ​​of 12.804 mmol/g was successfully modified with amine groups to produce Ni-NH₂/MS8 bifunctional catalyst. This catalyst was utilized in the hydrocracking process of used cooking oil to produce the highest liquid product of 92.85 wt.% with the selectivity of gasoline and diesel fractions of 4.04 and 63.35 wt.% respectively.