Papers by Keyword: Gelatin

Abstract: The current state of technology for 3D printing with biomaterials is based on the extrusion of viscous materials. Mostly, extrusion heads utilize pneumatic pressure systems or stepper motors to force the substrate onto a surface. These methods are well developed for high viscouse materials. However, processing low viscous liquids may cause leakages in the system. This could be solved by applying continuous extrusion. Additionally, in order to process gelable substrates, such as gelatine and agar, tempered print heads in combination with a multi stage tempering system are required to prevent the system from clogging. The ongoing work presented in this paper focuses on the development of an extrusion system, which should be able to process multiple viscosities of gelatine sequentially. In order to achieve this, several measurements to examine the properties, as well as the material parameters of different biomaterials are performed. In this process gel point, force resistance and elasticity are the factors of particularly interest. Due to their ability to gel and their availability, the most relevant biomaterials are gelatine and agar. Using this data, an extrusion system involving a peristaltic pump, a heated tube and a nozzle, has been developed. The next step envisaged is to calibrate the extruder based on the obtained data and finally to validate the printing process by printing simple geometric structures. Assuming that a positive evaluation is obtained, the printing system will be tested for printing first organic test structures from patient data using the examined biomaterials.

Abstract: Antibacterial wound dressing has an important key in an infection in traumatic and surgical wounds. However, the antibacterial wound dressing is high cost and few domestic medical productions. The aim of this study is to prepare a wound dressing hydrogel from hybrid gelatin/carboxymethyl cellulose (Gel/CMC) hydrogel crosslinked with citric acid at different Gel: CMC ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 by solvent casting. The gel fractions and swelling of 6.0%w/v CuSO₄ loading hybrid Gel/CMC hydrogel (Cu-Gel/CMC hydrogel) were a maximum of about 44% to 53% and 85% to 245%, respectively. The results showed that the 1:1 Gel: CMC of hydrogel produce was the most suitable condition due to its good gel fractions and swelling behavior. The cumulative Cu²⁺ release was a maximum of about 45% in 7 days. The hybrid Cu-Gel/CMC hydrogel showed the zone of inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) about 16 mm and 19 mm, sequentially. The research provided that the hybrid Cu-Gel/CMC hydrogel has the potential to use in medical applications.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to apply rice bran protein hydrolysates (RBH) as bioactive additives of gelatin/Eudragit^® NE 30D film and characterize the physicochemical and mechanical properties of its. The RBH was obtained by extraction with 2% sodium chloride (RBH-NaCl) and 0.1 N sodium hydroxide (RBH-NaOH) followed by digestion with Alcalase^®. Then, RBH was incorporated in gelatin/Eudragit^® NE 30D film. Effect of RBHs on film thickness, moisture content, pH, Young's modulus, tensile strength and the elongation at break were investigated. The RBH-NaCl enriched film showed non-homogeneous mixture and reduced moisture content, tensile strength and the elongation at break (1.8 – 2 folds). However, the RBH-NaOH enriched film exhibited a few non-homogeneous mixture and the Young's modulus was slightly decreased. The pH value was increased in the range of 6.77 – 6.88. Our results provide insight for the potential to develop RBH containing films as topical products.

Abstract: This paper focuses on the characterized of the mechanical properties and hyper elastic behavior of lab made skin. Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) combined with gelatin as a base. BSA is a plasma lead concentrations or heparin plasma which is separated from blood sample and it is not associated with significant changes in iron or hemoglobin concentrations. In general, the gelatin is widely used as the best material for skin substitution since it exhibits the characteristic of human skin. However, the lab made skin layer was made of non-halal type gelatin (Type B). The methodology process started by adding the BSA and using the type A gelatin to carry out the mechanical properties and hy-per elastic behavior of halal lab made skin layer. A uniaxial tensile test standard that being used in this study is ASTM D412. The raw data (Load-Extension) from computational was plotted on graph stress-strain. The numerical approach such as Mooney-Rivlin model and Yeoh’s model were selected to analyze a stress-stretch of composition gelatin and BSA. From the results Mooney-Rivlin model, the con-stant, C1 is in the range of (0.0187-0.0658) MPa and C2 is in the range of (0.0628-0.0737) MPa. Meanwhile the constant, CP for Yeoh model is in the range of (0.0748-0.0861) MPa. As a conclusion, the composition of gelatin and Bovine Serum Albumin is a best combina-tion as it increases the strength of the lab made skin layer. Therefore, the most suitable composition is 10 wt.% of gelatin and Bovine Serum Albumin.

Abstract: Wound healing is a natural process of human body. When the wound size exceeds the critical point for naturally body healing, the fibrous tissue will play their parts and created a scar. Therefore, extra treatment has been added to eliminate the body limitations. Currently, there are a lot of commercial bioactive wound healing and dressing due to its physiological and biological abilities. In wound healing process, high moisture condition is also required. In order to accelerate the wound healing process, Tissue engineering (TE) is recommended. The increasing of cell proliferation by TE will be increased the chance for wound healing acceleration. In this study, the combination of Gelatin (Gel), Chitosan (CS) and Silk Fibroin (SF) were varied mixed in 10 ratios and fabricated the structure by lyophilisation technique. The elastic ability, biodegradability, structure and pore morphology, porosity, swelling ability, and biotoxicity were observed in each ratio. Gel provided highest elastic ability and biodegradability. The addition of SF and CS in Gel decreased biodegradation rate and activate fibroblast cell proliferation. Therefore, CS and SF could increase efficiency of gelatin-base wound dressings for a variety of utilization.

Abstract: Hydrogel composed of gelatin, chitosan, and honey can be one of the right candidates for wound dressing application which provides both an antibacterial and a proper wound drainage management property to promote faster healing. Herein, preparation of hydrogel has been conducted by the physical blending of the solution of gelatin, chitosan, and honey at 40°C. Then, the mixture was cast to form hydrogel films by each 2-4 mm thickness and followed by drying at 37^o C for 24 hours. The resulted hydrogels were characterized to confirm its potential as wound care dressing by measuring gel fraction, swelling index, and antibacterial activity. The gel fraction of the hydrogel composed of 10 and 20 grams of gelatin (each with 0.5 grams of chitosan and 20 grams of honey) was respectively 68.86 % and 65.68%. The hydrogel, composed of 20 g of gelatin and 7.5 g of chitosan, has shown the highest water retention capacity (swelling index) by 400 %. However, the presence of honey has slightly lowered both the gel fraction and swelling index of the resulted hydrogel. The antibacterial property of the resulting hydrogel in this work corresponds to the chitosan instead of honey and gelatin.

Abstract: Four models were developed to assess the development of non-enzymatic browning and antioxidant activity in mixtures of sea cucumber derived gelatin (control), gelatin-glucose, gelatin-fructose and gelatin-glucosamine. All gelatin-sugar models were prepared in mixtures consisted of 5% w/v gelatin and 1.25% w/v sugar and compared against a control (5% w/v gelatin). The mixtures were incubated at 37 °C and 70 °C respectively for up to 24 h. The progress of non-enzymatic browning was monitored via changes in absorption at 280 nm, 320 nm and 420 nm. The gelatin-glucosamine model showed greater development in early Maillard reaction products (280 nm) and pre-melanoidins (320 nm) when incubated at 70 °C after 16 h of incubation. Meanwhile lower incubation temperature (37 °C) promoted browning development (420 nm) in all the models. The gelatin-glucosamine mixture incubated at 70 °C showed high potency in antioxidant activity (p<0.05), this is in accordance to the greater reactivity of glucosamine in the formation of Maillard reaction products at the early and intermediate stages. The results suggested the gelatin-glucosamine model can be further optimized to achieve high potency in antioxidant activity and a desired browning intensity to cater specific applications such as in food and biomaterials.

Abstract: Bioadhesives have much potential in the medical field as an alternative to sutures in internal surgery. They are easier to use and have better long-term results. Improvement of a new class of adhesives, tannic acid-polyethylene glycol (TAPE), was done by mixing it with gelatin, since it was found that TAPE alone could not be applied to certain internal applications like in inguinal hernia. It failed to close a fresh inguinal hernia sac. Characterization tests were done on the new material, TAPE-gelatin, which proved to have a tissue adhesion strength of 0.41 MPa which is 5 times greater than fibrin glue, good blood biocompatibility with blood clotting index of 97.46%, burst pressure strength that can withstand 1000 mL that is 10 times more than the volume in the peritoneal cavity, and cheaper, with a production cost of Php28.50, than commercially available bioadhesives, which can reach up to Php2,000 – Php30,000 per application. With its desirable properties, cheaper production cost, and large potential for scalability, TAPE-gelatin as a new candidate for medical adhesive was established.

Abstract: Method of carbon nanotubes disaggregation with the help of protein material, gelatin, has been proposed which facilitate to disperse evenly nanotubes in hydrogels based on gelatin and polysaccharides (sodium alginate or κ-carrageenan). In the obtained composite hydrogels carbon nanotubes are located in the biopolymer matrix, i.e. being in biocompatible form without losing their unique properties. The removal of water from the pores of the hydrogel by means of freeze drying allowed to obtain materials having high porosity and with included carbon nanotubes. The produced hydrogels can be used to create eco-friendly composite materials for biomedical and technical purposes. Depending on the tasks the developed systems can also be used in the forms of xerogel (films), cryogel, aerogel, and even in the form of powder, containing carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) cement has been used as bone filler for decades. It is also used as antibiotics carrier to treat osteomyelitis. However, CSD cement alone when applied at bone defect has some limitation such as its brittleness. The brittleness limits its handling property. Thus, the aim of this study is to fabricate granular CSD cement-gelatin (CSD-Gel) that has good handling property to be used as bone void filler. To prepare CSD-Gel composite, granular CSD was prepared from calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO₄.0.5H₂O; CSH) and distilled water with water/powder (W/P) ratio of 0.5. The CSD cement was crushed and sieved into 300-500 μm. The obtained granular CSD was then mixed with 3 wt.% and 7 wt.% gelatin solution, followed by freeze drying for 48 hours. The CSD granules were surrounded by gelatin matrix in all specimens. It was observed that more gelatin matrix found in the space between the granules in in the composite with 7 wt% gelatin compared with that in 3 wt% gelatin. Mechanical evaluation revealed that CSD-Gel 7% has significant higher compressive strength compared with that of CSD-Gel 3%.