Papers by Keyword: Gene Expression

Abstract: Alot of medical and industrial applications used the metal nanoparticles (NPs) with increase interest to be used as cancer therapy. The current work aimed to prepare AuNPs and AgNPs through the use of plasma jet and test their antitumor mechanism of apoptosis induction. The results indicating the face-centered cubic structures and crystalline nature of AuNPs and AgNPs. Also, the image of FESEM showed that the well dispersions regarding AuNPs and AgNPs, while the NP’s spherical shape with the particle size distributions which are considered to be close that estimated from the XRD. cytotoxicity have been assessed against the Normal embryonic cell line REF and the digestive system (HC , SK-GT-4) cell lines under a variety of the series dilute of the Ag and Au NPs (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100%), have been determined through a microtetrazolium (MTT) assay. The capacity of Ag and Au NPs to induce apoptosis to an infected cell has been studied by crystal violet stain to measure the percentage of induction of apoptosis. In cases where 100 μg\ml Au NP concentrations are 69.60 percent, the maximum cytotoxicity of the HC cell line was reported, while 100 μg\ml Au NP was 69.20% for the SKg cell line exposure. qRT-PCR in AuNPs and AgNPs treated of (HC and SKG) cell lines revealed a remarkable in the expression of BAX, BCL2 and AIF, Endo G (independent pathway).

Abstract: The identification of genes involved in cold adaptations of psychrotolerant bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans is important for biomining processes that take place at low temperatures like Andean mining installations in Peru. We have performed relative quantification RT-qPCR on candidate genes to have a role in adaptations at low temperature (5°C). The candidate genes analyzed were six: Two trehalose synthesis pathway genes, trehalose synthase (treS) and malto-oligosiltrehalose trehalohydrolase (treZ) showing no overexpression at 5°C. Two diguanylate cyclases genes related to exopolymer synthesis and biofilm formation (designated as dgc-I and dgc-II in this paper) were overexpressed at 21°C. The rusA and rusB genes involved in iron oxidation showed no significant change for rusA and no expression for rusB gene in any of both conditions. Genes rpoC, gyrB and alaS were validated as reference genes. These results show congruency with trancriptomics studies about gene expression of A. ferrivorans. Furthermore, the trehalose synthesis genes show no overexpression at low temperatures suggesting that other cold adaptation mechanisms are involved.

Abstract: Outer hair cells (OHCs) have a unique ability to contract and elongate in response to changes in intracellular potential, and Prestin is the motor protein of the cochlea of the OHCs. It is the first time to invest the Prestin expression in different bat species. To invest Prestin expression in different bat species, which have different frequency, we did the coronal sections’ staining of the cochlea using immunhistochemistry. Experiment was designed to determine if the high-frequency bats’ OHCs have more expression than the low-frequency bats’OHCs. We found that the expression in three species was similar and had no obvious difference. Though the study of bats Prestin evolution suggested that Prestin has accelerating evolution in echolocation bats with high frequency, our we showed that the Prestin expression has nothing to do with the frequency, and the Prestin expression in high-frequency bats and low-frequency bats is similar.

Abstract: YABBY family proteins are plant-specific transcriptional factors which have been identified to play roles in the growth and development of plants. The expression character of YABBY genes was important to gene functions. Members of the YABBY gene have been cloned in tomato. Our results showed that SlYABBY2 was expressed in stems, leaves and stem apexes, but barely in roots of MLK1(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) and FL1(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) tomato. Meanwhile, the effect of low light on SlYABBY2 expression was analyzed in MLK1 and FL1. The results showed that SlYABBY2 expression decreased after low light in leaves and stem apex of MLK1 and FL1 tomato. All results suggested that SlYABBY2 might be transcribed in stems, leaves and stem apexes and low light might have an effect on SlYABBY2 expression.

Abstract: fasciated and lc loci controlled locule number of tomato fruit. The candidate gene of fasciated loci had been cloned the lc loci was also been fine mapping and two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located near WUSCHEL were found to be responsible for locule number. But whether WUSCHEL was the candidate gene of lc loci had not been known. In this study, we analyzed the expression of WUSCHEL in tomato with different locule number and under high and low temperature. The result showed that WUSCHEL expressed higher in FL1 which fruit with 2-4 locules than in MLK1 with 15 locules. We identified the WUSCHEL might be candidate gene of lc loci.

Abstract: The alkaloids contents were investigated by High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in Catharanthus roseus aseptic seedlings leaves, the expressions of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) biosynthesis pathway genes were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The plastic films treatment induces a low light condition. HPLC analysis shows, the contents of vindoline (VIN) and catharanthine (CAT) are slight increase first and significant decrease (p<0.05) under plastic films, the vinblastine (VBL) content increase and reach the maximum (0.028 mg g^-1±0.0051) on the 15th day of treatment. TIA biosynthesis pathway genes expression change under low light. The correlation analysis indicates, VIN accumulation is significantly correlated with the gene expression of desacetoxyvindoline-4-hydroxylase (D4h) and deacetylvindoline-4-O-acetyl transferase (Dat), and CAT accumulation is significantly correlated with strictosidine synthase (Str) gene expression (p<0.05). The low light treatment with plastic films accelerates the accumulation of VBL in C. roseus seedlings leaves.

Abstract: In tomato fruits, the number of locules varies from two to up to 10 or more. lc is relative to fruit size and locule number. As a candidate gene underlying lc, wuschel was mapped to the same region as lc. MLK1 with locule numbers up to 10 and FL1 with locule numbers 2-4, are selected to identify the type of lc loci, the expression of wuschel. MLK1 lc belongs to lc-mutant type and FL1 is lc-wild type. Wuschel is completely same in MLK1 and FL1, but expresses differentially. With the development of flower buds, wuschel expression decreased in both materials stem apex, meanwhile it was higher in MLK1 than FL1 at the corresponding development stage of flower bud. Therefore, these results suggest that wuschel is more possible for candidate gene underlying lc to regulate locule numbers. These results will provide important information for lc regulating locule number in tomato.

Abstract: Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have been paid much attention due to its clean and renewable energy. In recent years, MFCs performed without addition of mediator were reported. In this research, the gene expression of atpI involved in ATP synthase of energy metabolism was compared at 3.7 and 37 mV applied voltage by reverse-transcription PCR. At high applied voltage, gene expression of atpI caused a 11.6-fold increase more than that at low applied voltage. Accordingly, overexpression vector harboring atpI gene was further constructed to demonstrate the effect of ATP synthase on the electricity production in MFC. The result showed that the current generated by E. coli harboring atpI gene can efficiently and rapidly be enhanced. The current production with atpI gene overexpression in E. coli was 3-fold higher than that of only pET15b vector at 106^th h. Consequently, these results verified that electricity production can be improved via introduction of energy metabolism gene without addition of mediator. Keywords: Microbial fuel cells, atpI, gene expression,electricity

Abstract: Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is a chemiolithoautotrophic Gram-negative bacterium widely spread in ambient temperature bioleaching processes. Several strains of At. ferrooxidans were isolated and studied and, some time later, questions arise about whether it was a species with a wide metabolic variation or a group of closely related species. Advances in molecular biology, phylogeny and genomics have shed some light on At. ferrooxidans strains and allows their grouping according to their relations. However, significant challenges remains to be met, such as understanding how a particular strain faces environmental challenges and how a particular kind of adaptive response affects the growth and activity of the strain. The purpose of this study was to identify differential expression signals between At. ferrooxidans strains −with different abundances and dynamics− present in the bioleaching system at Escondida mine. Culture characterization and DNA macroarrays techniques provided some answers. Analysis of growth curves showed that IESL 32 had the highest anaerobic growth rate, while aerobic growth was similar for all strains. It was shown that though the phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences suggested a close relation between IESL 32 and the type strain ATCC 23270, the growth curves and the expression profile showed that the type strain and strain D2 had the closest similarity. Growth experiments under different conditions, together with the comparative analysis of gene expressions in At. ferrooxidans, could be a springboard for future investigations of strain characterization to broaden our knowledge about adaptation, metabolic strategies, regulation and microbial diversity in industrial processes.

Abstract: The formula that life process follows is a major scientific mystery during centuries. Some people put programming thoughts into this field like Gates brought the idea that “Human DNA is like a computer program but far, far more advanced than any software we’ve ever created”[1]. Here we proposed a more specific hypothesis on this topic as that DNA is a set of p-code[2] and the enzymes which control chemical reactions and transport processes in cell metabolism are the basic instructions. Based on this hypothesis, some program models were developed successfully in this work to simulate the key processes of life phenomena: gene expression, cell division and differentiation, and life evolution. The results of these simulations show that there is a high level of similarity between life phenomena and computer programs; the process of cell differentiation and evolution of life can be explained in a programming way. These models also suggest that reflection technology[3, 4] is essential to life process. Besides, C-value paradox, N-value paradox[5] and pseudogene as well as some other biological problems could be also explained by these programming models. These conclusions imply that life phenomena are consistent with the concept of “process” in computer fields.