Papers by Keyword: Germination

Abstract: Hormonal regulation of plant physiological processes, including use of phytohormone-based drugs and modifiers of their activity, offers a sustainable approach to enhancing plant productivity. The aim of our work was to reveal the features of amaranth ontogenesis under the influence of auxin growth stimulants. We assessed the effects of indoleacetic, indolylbutyric, and naphthylacetic acids on germination processes, development, and productivity of amaranth plants. It was established that the use of growth stimulants increased the germination energy by 7-17%, seed germination of amaranth by 5-9%, and also promoted the development of more vigorous plants, 3-10% taller compared to the control, depending on the variety. The use of growth regulators contributed to the optimization of crop productivity, manifested in changes in the crop structure. These results demonstrate the efficacy of synthetic auxin analogs in enhancing the growth and yield of research amaranth varieties.

Abstract: Zinc plays an important role as a micronutrient in both animals and plants. The application of zinc oxide nanoparticles as a potential solution to alleviate zinc deficiency and its effect on the growth of seedling attributes of wheat. These particles were prepared by precipitation and sol-gel method using zinc sulfate and zinc chloride as precursors_. The prepared samples were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform spectroscopy. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were found to be elliptical in shape and their diameter ranges were observed 10.6 to 10.7nm by Scanning electron microscopy. Fourier-transform spectroscopy analyses showed the presence of the various functional group in the zinc oxide nanoparticles like N-H, CH₂, CH₃, RCH=CHR, C=O, -COOH, -OH and CH₂-Cl. Solutions of different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%) were prepared and seeds were soaked in distilled water (hydro priming). After the 6 days observations, it was found that nanoparticles (0.3%) prepared from the zinc sulfate by sol-gel method showed significant variation for germination and seedling attributes of wheat as compared to control. The decreasing order for the zinc chemicals was zinc sulfate nanoparticles > zinc chloride for methods sol-gel method > precipitation method > standard (original salt) and for the levels was 0.3% > 0.2% > 0.4% > 0.5% > 0.1% > hydro priming > control. In crux, nanoparticles prepared from zinc sulfate enhanced the germination of wheat as compared to control.

Abstract: Nonwoven fibers from biodegradable polymers such as polylactide and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate were obtained by electrospinning. The fiber morphology was studied by optical microscopy. The fiber materials were used like the substrates for the plant growing. The sowing qualities of the "Athena"winter wheat (triticum aestivum L.) and biometric indicators of the plants were determined. The biometric indicators of wheat plants grown on polymer substrates are higher compared with the GOST technique. Eco-friendly fiber materials are promising for the agricultural application. Polylactide and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate undergo a hydrolysis process. They are destroyed to form nutrients for the growth and development of wheat plants.

Abstract: Wheat grain has been irradiated by 200 keV and 305 keV of pulsed electron beams for changing of sowing parameters. Total microbial number, germination and germination energy were compared for both of electron kinetic energy settings for the same ranges of the energy input. The electron beam of 305 keV showed better disinfecting effect for energy input values of less than 4 J/g. That mode eliminates seed germination ability after irradiation of more than 2 J/g and can be used for grain storing. The mode of 200 keV beam keeps seed germination ability up to 5 J/g with the similar disinfecting effect after the irradiation energy input of more than 4 J/g. This mode can be used for pre-sowing seed treatment procedure.

Abstract: The paper investigates the use of cress (Zabava and Krupnolistovoi varieties) and wheat (Salavat Yulaev and Omskaya varieties) as phytoecological indicators. The object for testing was still waste liquid, the main waste of soda ash production. The toxicity was assessed by three parameters (seed germination, length and dry weight of the seedlings). It is shown that the still waste liquid has an acute toxic effect on all phytoecological indicators used. It has been found that the regression equations for seed germination and dry weight of seedlings in contrast to their average length for all plants do not adequately describe the experimental results and can not be used to evaluate the safe dilution factor. The safe dilution factor, determined by the average length of the seedlings, for cress Zabava is 34.7 and cress Krupnolistovoi is 34.4, and for wheat Salavat Yulaev is 73.0 and for wheat Omskaya is 81.8. It was established that the safe dilution factor determined with the use of different plant species varies quite strongly.

Abstract: TiO₂ nanoparticle is one of the most fascinating materials for stimulating germination and growth of various seeds. However, the low capacity of these materials in absorbing sunlight is a challenging issue which should be taken into consideration. Sensitization of TiO₂ nanoparticles is already a common strategy for improving its visible light absorption and it is mainly used in dye-sensitized solar cells. In this study, a set of experiments were conducted to investigate the influences of dye-sensitized TiO₂ nanoparticles on germination and growth of barley seeds (Hordeum vulgare L.). Fluorescein was used as the sensitizer with high extinction coefficient in the visible regions. It was shown that different growth parameters including seedling fresh and dry weights, root and shoot lengths, chlorophyll-a, and chlorophyll-b were increased by 59.2% and 85.7%, 330%, 100%, 45% and 50% relative to the control, respectively. Moreover, the results confirmed that dye-sensitized TiO₂ nanoparticles do not have any negative influence on germination parameters and are beneficial for increasing vigor index I.

Abstract: The ecotoxicological effects of Zn²⁺ on germination and early seedling growth of six pulses were investigated. Seeds of these plants were exposed to seven different concentrations of Zn (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 mM). The results indicated that root growth and shoot elongation of six pulse plants were more sensitive than seed germination and dry weight for measurement of the toxic of Zn²⁺ pollutions. Different species show different levels of tolerance to Zn²⁺ pollution. Vigna radiate and Lathyrus odoratus are the most sensitive to Zn²⁺, their germination percentage, root growth, shoot elongation and dry weight were significantly lower than other tested species, by contrast, Glycine max and Dumasia villosa are the most resist species, their germination and seedling growth almost were not influenced by Zn²⁺ pollution significantly comparing the control. There were significantly negatively correlations between seedling growth and increasing concentration of Zn²⁺ for Glycine max, Lathyrus odoratus and Dumasia villosa. The significantly negative correlations between germination and increasing concentration of Zn²⁺ were show for Lathyrus odoratus.

Abstract: In order to study the effect of seed soaking with biogas slurry on seed germination and growth of faba beans (Vicia faba L.), the experiment was conducted. The seeds were soaked in biogas slurry for various soaking durations (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours) and different concentration (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 %) along with control to determine the optimal soaking duration and find out the best growing condition. The highest germination rate, germination potential and germination index were obtained when the faba beans seeds soaked for 4 hours in 75 % biogas slurry. Seedling growth was recorded in plants where seeds soaked for 6 hours in 75 % biogas slurry. It was concluded that the seed soaking of biogas slurry with lower concentration (25, 50 and 75 %) showed best results regarding maximum germination and enhanced growth. However, under the higher concentration (100 %) conditions of biogas slurry had a tendency of decrease on seed germination and seedling growth.

Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant extremely toxic to plants and other living organisms including humans. To assess Cd phytotoxicity, the seedling growth, mineral (K, Fe, Zn) and carbohydrate contents and hydrolase activities in the endosperm and seedlings during rice seed germination subjected to Cd stress were investigated. The results showed that Cd caused a reduction in seedling growth and distribution of biomass, mineral contents, compared to the control. Cd accumulation in seedlings increased in the duration of treatment. Cd exposure caused a deleterious fall in mineral nutrient supply in seedlings. Moreover, Cd decreased the content of starch and sustained a higher level of soluble sugar in the endosperm of rice seeds. Activities of α-amylase and acid invertase were inhibited in Cd-treated seeds during the germination. The results suggest that Cd inhibits early seedling growth due to restriction of mineral and carbohydrate reserves mobilization.

Abstract: The effects of oil-contaminated soil on plant growth are the focus study area all over the world. In this paper, two kinds of local plant seeds germination and seedlings growth in oil-contaminated soil were studied by germination experiment. Five different oil concentration gradients (0g/kg, 0.2g/kg, 5g/kg, 20g/kg, 40g/kg) were set up in this experiment, and the seed germination rates and bud length of wheat and rice cultivated in thermostat were observed and recorded. The results showed that crude oil took negative effects on wheat seed germination and germinability. With the oil concentration increasing, the germination rate of wheat seed and germinability decreased respectively. Crude oil impacted the seeding growth obviously, even under low oil concentration (20g/kg). Seedling growth almost stopped under high oil concentration such as 40 g/kg. Crude oil promoted germination and germinability of rice seed. The germination rates and germinabilities of three Oil concentrations (0.2 g/kg, 5 g/kg, 20 g/kg, 40 g/kg) were all higher than that in pure soil, further, the higher the oil concentration was, the germination rates and germinabilities were higher. Oil also accelerated the rice seedling growth under three different concentrations.