Papers by Keyword: Glass Powder

Abstract: Improper solid waste management in Lima, particularly glass, leads to severe environmental, social, and public health problems. The low recycling rate and waste accumulation contaminate soils and groundwater, impacting long-term quality of life. This research aims to evaluate the inclusion of residual glass powder (RGP) in concrete to enhance the sustainability of concrete design, focusing on San Juan de Lurigancho, where the highest amount of waste per person in Lima is generated. The proposed solution involves developing a waterproof concrete design by incorporating residual glass powder (RGP). This approach includes replacing 5%, 10%, and 15% of the cement in the mix to achieve a strength of 280 kg/cm², thereby reducing pollution from glass waste and CO₂ emissions. Fresh concrete properties were evaluated and found to improve flow and temperature. The slump of fresh concrete increased gradually with the percentage of residual glass powder (RGP), reaching up to 16.5%. Regarding the properties in the hardened state, in terms of strength, replacing 15% of the cement with RGP resulted in a 2.57% increase in compressive strength. The tensile strength at 28 days increased by 21.53% and 16.8% when replacing 10% and 15% of the cement, respectively. However, replacing 15% of the cement resulted in a 0.4% decrease in flexural strength, while a 10% replacement resulted in a 1.44% increase. On the other hand, replacing cement with 15% RGP reduced CO₂ emissions to 53.79 kg/m³. Additionally, a higher percentage of RGP in the concrete allows for cost savings of up to 12.2%, demonstrating a progressive reduction. From the analyses, it was found that the mix including 10% RGP stands out as the optimal option. It shows significant improvements in strength and profitability, reducing production costs by 3.4% and CO₂ emissions by 10.83%. This design achieves an ideal balance between performance, cost, and environmental sustainability.

Abstract: This experimental research aims at investigating the possibility of utilizing local glass waste in the production of concrete for construction. Experimental program is conducted to study the effects of using glass powder (GP) obtained by crushing of local glass waste as partial replacement of cement on the fresh and hardened properties of concrete. Five percentages of GP were used: 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% by weight of cement. For all concrete mixes, slump test was made for fresh concrete and tests were made for hardened concrete to evaluate compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength. The experimental results show that workability increased by increasing GP content. Concrete compressive strength was reduced for all mixes with glass powder, but is improved by time. The positive effect of using GP as cement replacement extends to 20% on concrete tensile strength. The results showed that as the amount of GP increases the flexure strength. The use of 20 % glass powder as cement replacement decreased concrete compressive strength by 3.2% at 56 days, achieved better tensile strength at 28 days, increase flexure strength by 18.6% at 28 days and showed good performance compared to all other mixes.

Abstract: Concrete is the most important material in building construction. It had been used widely around the world and is made of cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates and water. These materials come from natural resources which had a depletion and environmental pollution issues. On the other hand, tonnes of waste are generated around the world especially in developed country which are having rapid industrialization, increasing population growth, technological developments and urbanization. Most of the waste materials from those causes are not recyclable. The methods managing of the waste materials are usually done by dumping in landfills or burning. Thus, in order to overcome both issues, alternative replacements from waste materials can massively give huge differences to the industry that will reduce the usage of natural resources and gives benefits to the industry itself and also to the environment. Studies on waste materials had been conducted by many researchers before. Hence, in this paper, some materials which are coal bottom ash, slag, ceramic waste and glass powder will be discuss as waste materials that have been used from many backgrounds of industries. This paper attempt to summarize the investigation of the following materials as substitution materials in concrete, with the following discussion. The properties such as workability, compressive strength, ductility etc. of these replacement materials are compared with the normal concrete. A lightweight concrete that is safe and eco-friendly will be produced as a construction material. This shows that some of the materials can improve the performance of concrete itself. Thus, this study is crucial in finding the other waste materials that can act as a replacement.

Abstract: Glass is an amorphous material, which could be a good pozzolanic material and can be beneficial in compressive strength gain. However, if waste of glass powder has undesirable contaminations (aluminium, clay impurities, sulphates, etc.) it can negatively affect hydration process. In the research were used two types of waste glass (with and without harmful impurities). Waste glass shards were obtained from a local waste recycling plant and its properties were investigated in the Portland cement hydration process. Properties of waste glass were analysed by SEM, XRD test methods, pozzolanicity of glass powder was investigated by Chappelle test method. The hydration process of Portland cement was researched by the semi-adiabatic test method and XRD analysis. Properties of hardened cement paste was analysed by: density, flexural and compressive strength test methods The main aim of this research is to analyse waste glass, which after primary cleaning is not suitable for secondary reuse and investigate its suitability in cement-based systems.

Abstract: Replacing cement and silica fume with glass powder to prepare ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is beneficial to solve the ecological problem in the field of civil engineering, but the technologies of preparation, transportation, pumping, and hardening of UHPC mainly relate to its rheological property. Therefore, this paper studied the influence of glass powder on the rheological properties of UHPC paste by performing the flow and the rheological test. Experimental results showed that when the cement and silica fume partially replaced by glass powder, the UHPC paste appears shear thickening, yield stress, plastic viscosity, and area of hysteresis loop decrease. This means that mixing glass powder can somehow inhibit the problems of segregation and bleeding of UHPC during pumping. In this manner, the dosage of the superplasticizer in UHPC is appropriately reduced, the filling capacity of UHPC during pouring is improved, and the energy required for UHPC in the pumping process is weakened. Compared with replacing cement, replacing silica fume with glass powder significantly increases the shear thickening and fluidity of UHPC paste, and at the same, reduces its yield stress and plastic viscosity. This indicates that the construction performance of UHPC is greatly improved with the replacement of silica fume. The fluidity and yield stress of UHPC paste satisfy the quadratic polynomial function relationship, and the replacement of cement and silica fume with glass powder should be less than 33% and 50%, respectively. Under this condition, the rheological properties of the UHPC paste are greatly improved and result in little negative impact on the mechanical properties of UHPC.

Abstract: Cement and alluvial sand are very essential materials in concrete preparation. The first material production contributes to the emissions of greenhouse gases, in particular carbon dioxide (CO₂), and the extensive exploitation of second material constitutes a danger on the extinction of its deposits. The use of waste glass powder (WGP) to partially replace cement and dune sand as a replacement for a small amount of alluvial sand appears as a potential solution that solves several problems at once (disposal of glass waste, reduction of emissions gas and preservation of construction sand deposits). The objective of this study is to verify the effects of these partial replacements on concrete properties, their cost, and the CO₂ emission reduction in the atmosphere. For this, three types of concrete are prepared: a control (0% of WGP); mixture 1 (10% WGP); and mixture 2 (20% WGP). In all three types, 5% of alluvial sand is replaced by dune sand. Obtained results show that these partial replacements do not affect the porosity (less than 20%), they give good indices as to the speed of sound propagation in the concrete (up to 3500 m/s), especially for the case of the second mixture after 56 days but this does not increase the concrete performance concerning compressive strength and performance of concrete with glass is less than that of control concrete. Economically, the reduction of 10% in cement saves 5 € per ton and environmentally, it reduces the emission of CO₂ from cement industry by 0.5 to 0.7% of total anthropogenic CO₂ emissions.

Abstract: Cellular glass composites can be made of waste flat glass or bottle glass added with eggshell powder 0, 1, 3 and 5%wt and then fired at 800° and 900°C for 1 h using compression molding process. Adding eggshell powder mixed with glass cullet affects to form open and closed pores and to decrease firing temperature, thermal expansion coefficient and light weight. However, adding high amount of eggshell powder affects to form an excessively amount of open and closed pores effect to increase water absorption. The standard Thailand Industries determines water absorption of glass foam less than 25% because high water absorption affects to decrease mechanical properties. Therefore, cellular glass composites added 1, 3 and 5%wt should not be fired at temperature higher than 800°C for 1h. In addition, the cellular glass composites added 1 %wt eggshell powder and fired at 900°C for 1 h still have low water absorption and low thermal expansion coefficient. Cellular glass composites are potential to apply for many industries such as construction, petroleum and petrochemical, insulation, medical and dental applications.

Abstract: Glass powder is known as a reactive material with silica content more than 72% and potentially considered as pozzolanic material. Moreover, it is known that binder containing silica fume 10-26% by weight increases the compressive strength of concrete. A low water to binder ratio is needed to increase the strength. In this paper, materials for making paste were analyzed for X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and reactivity. Composition of paste with the highest strength at 28 days was 93.26 MPa. Glass powders had higher reactivity compared to silica fume. Therefore, the recommended amount of glass powder to increase mechanical properties is 10 – 15% from cement weight and silica fume content are 40 – 60% from glass powder weight. A tendency of strength increasing after 28 days was found. In general, addition of silica fume to glass powder prolonged the initial setting causing the distance between initial and final setting time became closer.

Abstract: This paper presents some experimental results related to mechanical properties of fibrous concrete with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber application. The use of fibers in paste is to improve the performance of concrete as well as increasing the ductility of concrete.The mix proportion of paste was varied into 17 basic paste without fiber. Glass powder as silica source was used as cement replacement from 0-25% by cement weight. The powder was replaced by silica fume which varied from 0 – 60% by glass powder weight. Five compositions with the highest strength at 28 days and one composition of variable control (100% cement) were selected to make fibrous pastes with additional PVA fibers. Low water to the binder ratio of 25% was applied to all the mixture. Material and mechanical analysis were conducted for material reactivity, mineral composition, porosity, compressive and tensile strength.Replacement of cement with glass powder and silica fume produced the highest compressive strength of 93.26 MPa at 28 days. The highest compressive strength of fibrous paste of 99.85 MPa showed that fiber can increase the paste strength.It was also proved that application of glass powder and silica fume increased the tensile strength up to 27.22%. With the addition of PVA fibers, split tensile strength pastes increased almost 200% from original split tensile of bare paste without fiber. However, the addition of PVA fibers decreased the workability and increased the porosity of matrix.

Abstract: The SiO₂-B₂O₃-Al₂O₃-Na₂O-PbO system glass powders were prepared by the high temperature water quenching and ball milling. The effects of CaO, Li₂O and ZnO with content of 1~5 wt.% on the glass-forming ability, softening temperature and crystallization behavior of the SiO₂-B₂O₃-Al₂O₃-Na₂O-PbO system glass powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the glass crystallization tendency became obvious with the increase of CaO and Li₂O content, the melting temperature of the glass decreased with the addition of 1% Li₂O, while the effect of CaO with content lower than 2% on the formation of glass was not obvious. The addition of ZnO favored the formation of glass, however, the softening temperature of the glass increased with the increase of ZnO content. The softening temperature of the SiO₂-B₂O₃-Al₂O₃-Na₂O-PbO system glass powder decreased by 42.5°C with the addition of 2%CaO-1%Li₂O-1%ZnO.