Papers by Keyword: Glutathione

Abstract: Reduced glutathione (GSH) is incorporated in polymeric wound dressings to prevent oxidative stress-induced cellular damage and the development of chronic wounds. The present study investigates the influence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene oxide (PEO), and PVA/PEO blend polymeric solutions on the stability of GSH during the preparations or storage. The stability was studied in three concentrations which were 3%, 5% and 8%, after sometimes between 0 to 7 days. The level of GSH achieved the highest electron donor activity at day 7 in 8% PVA/PEO (95.42%) and 8% PVA (94.27%) solutions, whereas GSH activity decreased when incorporated with PEO solutions. Such a decrease in the GSH activity due to PEO being less water-resistant and hydrolytic degradation susceptibility could expose the GSH to an aqueous environment and lead to the loss of GSH activity. In conclusion, a higher concentration of polymer and less-water resistant polymers can shield the GSH from an aqueous environment and maintain its stability in the polymer solutions used in wound dressing applications.

Abstract: A facile green method to synthesize fluorescent Ag nanoclusters (NCs) has been developed by employing glutathione (GSH) as capping agent as well as reducing agent. The fluorescent nanocomposites powder possesses strong emission and excellent stability. By changing the mole ratios of glutathione to silver precursor, nanoclusters with different emissions are obtained. The as-synthesized GSH-Ag nanocomposite is well characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy, HRTEM, XPS, and IR spectroscopy. The green synthesis procedure has also been used to synthesize fluorescent GSH-Au nanoclusters with good success.

Abstract: α-Cobratoxin is the main neurotoxin in the cobra Naja kaouthia venom; it binds efficiently and selectively with neuronal α7 and muscle type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and can be used for specific labeling and visualization of these receptors in organs and tissues. For these applications we have prepared conjugates of α-cobratoxin with CdSe quantum dots which have many benefits as compared to organic fluorescent labels. To prepare the conjugate, CdSe quantum dots with ZnS shell were functionalized using a tripeptide glutathione and coupled to toxin using water soluble carbodiimide. The conjugate was purified by gel-filtration chromatography and tested for biological activity. It was found that conjugate preserved the capacity to interact with both neuronal α7 and muscle type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Its cytotoxicity to mammalian cells was not higher than that of functionalized quantum dots.

Abstract: Pentose phosphate (PP) pathway, which is ubiquitously present in all living organisms, is one of the major metabolic pathways associated with glucose metabolism. The most important functions of this pathway includes the generation of reducing equivalents in the form of NADPH for reductive biosynthesis, and production of ribose sugars for the biosynthesis of nucleotides, amino acids, and other macromolecules required by all living cells. Under normal conditions of growth, PP pathway is important for cell cycle progression, myelin formation, and the maintenance of the structure and function of brain, liver, cortex and other organs. Under diseased conditions, such as in cases of many metabolic, neurological or malignant diseases, pathological mechanisms augment due to defects in the PP pathway genes. Adoption of alternative metabolic pathways by cells that are metabolically abnormal, or malignant cells that are resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs often plays important roles in disease progression and severity. Accordingly, the PP pathway has been suggested to play critical roles in protecting cancer or abnormal cells by providing reduced environment, to protect cells from oxidative damage and generating structural components for nucleic acids biosynthesis. Novel drugs that targets one or more components of the PP pathway could potentially serve to overcome challenges associated with currently available therapeutic options for many metabolic and non-metabolic diseases. However, careful designing of drugs is critical that takes into the accounts of cell’s broader genomic, proteomic and metabolic contexts under consideration, in order to avoid undesirable side-effects. In this review, we discuss the role of PP pathway under normal and abnormal physiological conditions and the potential of the PP pathway as a target for new drug development to treat metabolic and non-metabolic diseases.

Abstract: Ninhydrin chromogenic reactions are widely used to analyze and characterize amino acids, peptides, and proteins. In this study, the spectroscopy behavior of ninhydrin reaction with mercapto amino acid and polypeptide has been investigated. The maximum absorption wavelength of glutathione reaction with ninhydrin was 568 nm; the maximum absorption wavelength of cysteine reaction with ninhydrin was 457 nm. Under the optimized wavelength condition, glutathione and cysteine in the certain concentration range exhibt good linear relationship and low detection limit.

Abstract: A simple and effective approach was proposed to synthesize uniform surface imprinted polymer microspheres via surface-initiated iniferter polymerization. The chloromethyl groups were firstly introduced onto the surface of the polystyrene microspheres by a one-step dispersion polymerization. After that the photosensitive iniferter groups were modified by the reaction of the polystyrene microspheres surface-bound chloromethyl groups with N, N-diethyldithiocarbamate sodium. The grafting step was then carried out in a stirred solution of polystyrene microspheres containing surface-initiated iniferter in the presence of template molecules (glutathione, GSH), functional and cross-linking monomers. The synthesized surface imprinted polymer (GSH-MIP) microspheres were characterized using SEM and FT-IR. The GSH-MIP microspheres were spherical in shape, and showed homogeneous polymer layer and high encapsulation efficiency. The rebinding properties of GSH for GSH-MIP was evaluated by carrying out batch rebinding tests, the obtained GSH-MIP shows faster mass transfer and higher binding amounts rate toward template than non-imprinted polymer (NIP).

Abstract: We Report Herein Results of an Investigation of the Assembly of Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Glutathione (GSH) and Cysteine (Cys) Interaction in the Presence of Metal Ions: Ag+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Zn2+. The Silver Nanoparticles Produce Well-Ordered Structures upon Interaction with Glutathione in Variable Acidic Ph Condition and Exhibit Pronounced Changes in their Optical Properties Arising due to Electromagnetic Interaction. The Effect of Selected Metal Ions on the Nature of Complexation as Well as the Variation in the Optical Response due to Variable Degree of Complex Formation Amongst the Particles Have Been Investigated. The Changes in Optical Properties of the Silver Nanoparticles Have Been Accounted for the Complex Formation among the Aggsh, Cys and Metal Ions. The Complexes Have Been Characterized by UV-Vis Spectroscopy, FTIR, and AFM Studies. It Has Been Observed that the New Absorption Peaks Appear and Intensifies Depending on the Cys and Metal Ion Interaction. The Aggsh Nanoparticles Provided a Simple and Rapid Strategy to Detect Cys with the Aid of Metal Ions in Aqueous Solution. Different Metal Ions Give Different UV-Vis Spectra Profile and Show Different Sensitivity. This New Material Allows a Quantitative Assay of Cys down to the Concentration of 1× 10−5 M in Co2+ Ion Complexation. The Mechanism by which Metal Ions Can Bind with both the GSH Modified Ag Nanoparticles and Cys Molecule through Cooperative Metal–ligand Interactions Is Discussed.

Abstract: The hydrothermal technique is introduced into the synthesis of glutathione-stabilized ZnCdSe QDs. By incorporating cadmium ions into the pre-prepared ZnSe QDs, with continuously heating, the preparation of alloyed ZnCdSe QDs was realized. The bandgap emission dominated the emission spectra in 15 minutes.

Abstract: Au coated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were prepared by the changing of surface charge of Au and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with pH. Well Au coated γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite particles developed in the range between isoelectric point of Au and that of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Immobilization of glutathione (GSH), crystalline polypeptide containing mercapto group, was successfully performed on the well Au coated γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite particles. Properties of nanoparticles and GSH immobilized Au/γ-Fe2O3 were characterized by UV-vis, LPA, XRD, and TEM.