Papers by Keyword: Grafting

Abstract: This paper was focused on the discussion about the main metal nutrients translocation in bleeding sap during muskmelon development and it was improved by rootstock grafting. The total translocation volume of metal nutrients in bleeding sap of each treatment depicted the same trend where G1 (Zhongmi 1/Riben Strong) and G3 (Zhongmi 1/Shengzhen 1) improved the supply capacity of metal nutrients to the aboveground parts and there were no concentration and translocation volume changes for each metal ion in bleeding sap with dissimilar rootstocks grafting when G1 and G3 improved the supply capacity of potassium, natrium, calcium, magnesium, ferrum, cuprum and zinc to the over ground parts from the root system, and furthermore G2 (Zhongmi 1/Quanwang) and G3 reduced manganese translocation in bleeding sap significantly on 10 DAA (days after anthesis) and manganese translocation in G1 and G3 during 20 to 30 DAA were remarkably higher than that in CK and G2, while manganese translocation in G3 was notably higher than that in the other treatments on 40 DAA. So based on the main metal nutrient supply capacity of the root system for comprehensive considerations, G1 and G3 were superior scion/rootstock combinations for top quality and high yield potential.

Abstract: This study investigates the effects of different grafting time on the polysulfone grafted methyl methacrylate (PSf-g-MMA) membrane performance. PSf-g-MMA was successfully prepared via UV radiation method. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) and benzophenon (BP) were used as a monomer and initiator respectively. Membrane performances were measured based on permeation and rejection of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Degree of grafting was found to increase as grafting time increases and the optimum time was found at 100 minutes. The results revealed that the pure water flux and rejection were significantly improved with the addition of grafting time. The present of MMA also were found to improve fouling properties of the membrane.

Abstract: This research investigates the potential for grafting skim natural rubber with maleic anhydride to produce maleated rubber with the aim to increase value of skim natural rubber. In this study, grafting of skim natural rubber was compared to those of natural rubber block. Moreover, the effect of protein in skim rubber was also investigated by comparing with grafting of deprotinized skim rubber. Here, the grafting reactions were carried out by reactive melt-mixing method. The effect of maleic anhydride concentration and type of raw materials were investigated. Quantities of the grafted anhydride (MA) and the amount of double bonds were determined by using FTIR analysis.We found that nitrogen content of raw material could potentially affected the grafting level, especially at low MA content, and that the grafting reaction occurred in parallel with crosslinking reaction(gel). The potential model of reaction mechanism was analyzed from FTIR spectra and the gel content.

Abstract: Silk fabric was treated with laccase and then grafted by εpolylysine (εPLL). The optimal enzymatic reaction condition was investigated through the change of dissolved oxygen concentration during the enzymatic reaction. The results of amino acid analysis and SEM of finished silk fabrics indicated that the εPLL was grafted onto silk fabrics. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the thermal stability performance of the finished fabric was slightly improved. The crease resistance of the finished silk increased, especially the wet wrinkle resistance property of the finished silk fabric was significantly improved. The gas permeability, strength and whiteness slightly decreased, which hardly impact the wearability of the fabric.

Abstract: A new method for producing seedless watermelon seedlings was studied in this paper. Grafting branches breeding (GBB) and grafting seedling breeding (GSB) of seedless watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai) cultivar Mi Tong was grafted onto No.1 of E-zhen, commercial hybrids. Seed breeding (SB) self-plants were used as control. The effect of different methods on watermelon fruit yield and quality was tested. The results showed that fruit yield was positively influenced by GBB when compared with the control. Detrimental effects were not determinated on fruit qualities such as fruit index, fruit weight and sugars on grafted plants. Moreover, GBB reduced the cost of producing seedless watermelon seedlings. Therefore, the grafting technique of using branches for scion was feasible, simple and efficient in the progress of seedless watermelon development.

Abstract: Carbon black was first activated by grafting and coupling respectively. Then the grafted carbon black, coupled carbon black, together with the unmodified carbon black was filled into polypropylene to prepare three kinds of composites respectively. The measurements of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and alternating current (AC) electrical properties were performed on the composites. And the effect of CB activation on the AC electrical properties was analyzed. Seen from the result of FTIR spectra it can be found that different groups are bonded to the surface of carbon black after activation. For the corresponding conductive composites,it was found that the value of percolation threshold decreases and the electrical conductivity improves consequently after the carbon black activation. The influence of carbon black activation on the AC electrical properties of the composites and their variation with frequency was analyzed. The AC conduction mechanism was discussed and the conduction model was constructed based on the analysis.

Abstract: A twin-screw extruder was used to carry out the ring opening graft polymerization of L-lactide onto cellulose through reactive extrusion process. Ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) [Bmim]Cl and Sn(oct)2 were used as solvent and catalyst, respectively. FTIR, TGA and XRD were used to investigate the structure, thermal stability and crystalline behavior of the reaction products. The result showed a successful ring opening polymerization of L-lactide on cellulose. Furthermore, it showed a increased crystalline degree and thermal stability after being introduced the PLLA.

Abstract: The use of low-temperature plasmas to modify the surface of substrates and grafted acrylic acid is discussed. Their surface composition characterized by attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra and water contact angle. The results of various techniques indicated that acrylic acid could be incorporated in the membrane surface. The plasma treatment time，plasma treatment power and grafting time effect on water contact angle. The water contact angle decreased from 67° for virgin PES to 11° for the plasma-induced and 0° for grafted AA.

Abstract: A novel cyclodextrin (CD) grafted polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) material has been synthesized. Beta-cyclodextrin (βCD) is chemically grafted into PVA via glutaraldehyde (GA) in acidic medium (HCl). The reaction mechanism and the membrane surface grafting are confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), modulus of elasticity and contact angle determination. An amount of PVA and βCD are dissolved in a pH 3 HCl solution at 90oC with continuous stirring. Glutaraldehyde was slowly added into the clear solution to effect grafting and crosslinking between the PVA and βCD. It was cooled and allowed to stand overnight to eliminate bubbles formed. The clear PVA-GA-βCD material is casted on a glass plate to form membranes which are peeled off after subsequent drying. The grafted and crosslinked membrane showed peaks in the IR spectra confirming the chemical bonding between PVA, GA and βCD. PVA-GA-βCD membrane is 6% stronger than the physically blended membrane as shown by the increase of its modulus of elasticity. Likewise, a reduction in the hydrophilicity is observed by the newly synthesized membrane as shown by the increase of the membrane’s contact angle.This newly developed material with immobilized βCD may significantly improve the performance of PVA-CD pervaporation membranes by reducing the phase separation phenomenon due to agglomeration of CD in high concentrations as well as preventing βCD from dissolving in aqueous feed. Moreover, this may open new perspective for the development of high performance nanofibers and other nanomaterialssuch as drug delivery system materials and inclusion complexes.

Abstract: Polylactic acid as a biodegradable polymer shows relative high rigidity, but it is brittle and has poor heat resistance, which greatly limits its application. The goal of this experiment is to prepare polylactic acid/organic modified montmorillonite nanocomposite by melting, and to enhance the material properties by improving the interfacial compatibility. First PLLA-g-MAH is prepared through reactive extrusion under initiator dicumyl peroxide, then PLLA /PLLA-g-MAH/OMMT nanocomposite is prepared by melt extrusion. Grafted rate was determined by infrared spectroscopy and chemical titration, and it get to peak when the content of maleic anhydride is 2 wt %. Melt flow rate indicates the nanocomposite has better melt flow and better workability than pure PLA. Mechanical properties of the nanocomposite are best when the content of grafting is 3 wt %. DSC shows that melting temperature and crystallinity of PLLA first increase and then decrease along with the increase of the PLLA-g-MAH, and both of them come to the top when PLLA-g-MAH is 3 wt %.