Papers by Keyword: Growth

Abstract: The influence of prolonged aging on the precipitation process of intermetallic phases, as well as carbide and boride in an Fe-Ni superalloy has been studied. The samples were subjected to a solution heat treatment at 980°C for 2 h and water quenched, and then aged at 715, 750 and 780°C for 0.5-500 h. The samples were analysed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction. Direct measurements on the electron micrographs allowed to calculate the mean diameter () of the γ’ phase. The growth step of the γ’ phase particles has been analysed on the basis of the LSW theory, as well as the activation energy of the γ’ phase coagulation has been estimated.

Abstract: Graphene is of apply in wide range of research fields and may even motivate researchers to develop a new hybrid material with experience properties. In this works, growth of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using chemical reduction method was reported. Particle size, morphology and crystal structure of ZnO/rGO were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, respectively. Sensing application of ZnO/rGO was discovered. ZnO/rGO was used as an active material for sensing acetone diluted in water. The preliminary results showed that the sensitivity of acetone sensor.

Abstract: Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have been noted to play a significant role in promoting economic growth in less developed countries, developing and also in developed countries. Worldwide, the micro and small enterprises have been accepted as the engine of economic growth of any nation. Small and Medium Enterprises are the backbone of the economies, because it trigger employment, output, export, poverty alleviation, economic empowerment, economic development etc. in developed as well as in developing countries. It is more important to developing countries as the poverty and unemployment are burning problems. MSMEs have been playing a momentous role in overall economic development of a country like India where millions of people are unemployed or underemployed. Therefore, the growth of small sectors is essential for the growth in the GDP, employment generation, total manufacturing production and export. India, being one of the fastest growing economies of the world, needs to pay an honest attention for the utmost growth of MSMEs for its increased contribution in above areas.

Abstract: A mathematical model was developed to predict the kinetics of Phanerochaete Chrysosporium growth and degradation of multisubstrate on a batch process with limited oxygen conditions, that of the effects the initial moisture content (IMC). The study was conducted on the pretreatment of water hyacinth (WH), to degrade the lignin in order to prepare the WH as a bioethanol feedstock. In this pretreatment, the fungus was inoculated on WH where it grew on the surface of the WH. The fungus consumed three different substrates contained in WH as carbon source, i.e. lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. Experimental data are used to formulate multisubstrate degradation and fungal growth influenced by the IMC. The constant of fungal growth (μ) is influenced by the amount of the initial moisture content (IMC) following the equation with μ_max value of 0.6887 day^-1, K_SL reached 0.7967 g.g dry weight^-1, K_sS is 0.7102 g.g dry weight^-1, K_sH is 0.1965 g.g dry weight^-1, Y_x/sL is 0.13 g.g dry weight of lignin^-1, Y_x/sS is 0.8560 g.g dry weight of cellulose^-1, Y_x/sH is 0.8999 g.g dry weight of hemicellulose^-1 and the maximum of IMC (W_m) is 0.67 or 67%.

Abstract: According to the characteristics of high altitude and strong ultraviolet radiation in Tibet, this paper do ultraviolet irradiation experiment research to different strength grades of concrete blocks in a closed laboratory, it is found that ultraviolet rays has promoting effect to early strength growth of test block, but the growth became slow along with the time.

Abstract: In the present study, the effect of addition of Ni nanoparticles on the growth of the intermetallic compound (IMC) layer between low-silver lead-free solder and Cu substrate was investigated. Ni nanoparticles were synthesized and smelted with pure Sn, Ag to prepare Sn-1.0Ag-xNi (x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) solder alloy. Sn-1.0Ag-xNi was soldered on a copper substrate, and then the solder/Cu couples were isothermally aged at 423K for 360h.The Cross-section images of IMCs layer were obtained to observe the morphology of IMC and to measure the thickness of Cu₆Sn₅ and Cu₃Sn layers respectively. The results show that, during aging, addition of Ni can remarkably improve the morphology of IMC, level the scalloped IMC, facilitate the growth of the total interfacial IMCs and inhibit the growth of Cu₃Sn. Moreover, the rate change of thickness of the Cu₃Sn reduced obviously with the increase of Ni nanoparticles. Comprehensive analysis shows that the addition of Ni promotes the nucleation and growth of Cu₆Sn₅. The thermodynamics calculation on the solder alloy was identical with the experiment result.

Abstract: Heavy metal zinc is one of the trace elements necessary to the growth of vegetable, but Zn excessiveness also could cause damage. In this research, four vegetables were planted by soil culture method under different Zn²⁺ concentration controlled by the exogenous Zn²⁺ addition; their growth characteristics were analyzed to find the sensitive growth indexes to Zn and compare their tolerance to Zn pollution. Results show that: low concentration of Zn²⁺ (< 100 mg/kg) can promote significantly the plant height and the root length growth of all the four vegetables, while, as the exogenous Zn²⁺ increased to the concentration of 150 mg/ kg, the number of leaves, the above-ground dry biomass and the underground dry biomass were suppressed significantly; in this experiment, the four vegetables appeared different sensitivity to Zn stress, Lactuca sativa var. longifoliaf appeared highest tolerance and Brassica chinensis appeared less sensitivity to Zn stress.

Abstract: Flow pattern and mode have a far influence on the efficiency of biological treatment systems. In order to investigate the effects of different flow patterns on the growth of Bacillus subtilis, a self-developed fluid mixing device was designed to produce different liquid fluidization. It was found that the greater Re, the more conducive to the growth of bacteria, which evidenced by the logarithmic phase shorter and reached stationary phase bacteria concentration increased; when the Reynolds number is low, growth curve of Bacillus subtilis appeared Growth - stationary - growth and cell precipitation phenomenon, both phenomena gradually disappeared when Re increases. Besides, it can consume dissolved oxygen after inoculation with Bacillus subtilis, which keeping the dissolved oxygen in the medium at a lower level (0~1mg/L)

Abstract: In the Pb²⁺ stress experiments, the concentrations of Pb²⁺ were 1, 5, 10, 50, and 80 mg/L respectively, BG11 culture medium was served as the control. The results showed that Pb²⁺ affected markedly on the growth and physiological characteristics of chlorella pyrenoidosa under certain concentration. As the exposure time, chlorella pyrenoidosa biomass is restrained gradually. Pb²⁺ also have significant inhibition to effect chlorophyll content and have an effect relationship with the malondialdehyde content of chlorella pyrenoidosa . Lead concentrations and the soluble protein content are time effect relationship . And the longer the inhibitory effect becomes more obvious. Superoxide dismutase (sod) activity increased first then decreased with the increase of the concentration of Pb²⁺.

Abstract: Effects of different carbon source and Fe³⁺ for the growth and lipid accumulation of Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10 cultured mixotrophically was studied in our present work. The final cell density was reached to 2.626 g L^-1 when glucose was the only carbon source, which is 1.43-fold to sodium acetate (1.834 g L^-1), far higher than sucrose (0.251 g L^-1) and xylitol (0.471 g L^-1), but barely grow in other culture condition. Additionally, the highest algae lipid productivity (77.45 mg L^-1 d^-1) was obtained in 10 g L^-1 glucose group, which indicated that glucose was the optimal carbon source for growth and lipid accumulation of Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10. Nevertheless, Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10 was grew slowly in BG-11 culture medium with the absence of Fe³⁺. The biomass was achieved at the top with 50μM Fe³⁺ added. With the increase of Fe³⁺ concentration, it showed no variation in the growth of microalgae. The highest biomass productivity (209.87 mg L^-1 d^-1) was reached when the Fe³⁺ concentration was at 150μM while highest lipid productivity (94.05 mg L^-1 d^-1) reached at 50μM, which indicated that Fe³⁺ was one of the most indispensable trace elements for the growth and lipid accumulation of Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10.