Papers by Keyword: HDPE

Abstract: In the present work an effort has been made to prepare Al matrix composite by 3D printing assisted rapid investment casting (RIC). The RIC has been performed by using patterns prepared by fused deposition modelling (FDM). For preparation of 3D parts, a composite material reinforced with ceramic particles (SiC and Al₂O₃) has been used as filament wire. The main motive of this research work is to prepare metal matrix composites as functionally graded innovative materials (FGIM), via investment casting as functional prototypes which will have wear resistance properties of SiC and Al₂O₃ (especially in rapid tooling (RT) applications. The reinforcements in the RT (as functional prototype) have been ensured by SEM analysis. The potential of the analysed materials for the fabrication of novel sensor devices is highlighted. Also the functional prototypes were checked for process capability analysis for batch production

Abstract: Rheology of polymer-metal powder mixture containing a significant amount of metal powder loading determines its flowability through an extrusion die. To make sheets from such mixtures, geometries based on Coat-hanger, Fishtail and ‘T’ type designs are often used. Flow properties such as flow rate, viscosity, residence time, instantaneous velocity and pressure distribution in different type of dies have been used in simulations in Ansys (CFX or fluent). The present paper describes the special design of the fishtail type die geometry with adjustable part at lip land to make sheets from a polymer-metal powder mixture by extrusion. This also includes the design of primary manifold, tapered pre-land, secondary manifold and lip land geometries to obtain uniform velocity at the exit of the die and as uniform a pressure distribution as possible. It includes designing of suitable die profiles in each of these four zones based on the experimentally established constitutive equations using a Melt Flow Index tester.

Abstract: Garbage is a serious problem if it is not managed properly, both organic and non-organic. Inorganic waste, for example, plastic, metal, glass, and charcoal from coal combustion are difficult to decompose in the soil. HDPE (high-density polyethylene) plastic is one type of inorganic waste that is difficult to decompose, but this plastic can be recycled. The objective of the study is to develop light cement blocks by using the waste of HDPE, coal bottom ash and cement. The research guide was referred to SNI (Indonesian National Standard). The SNI-03-6825-2002 is for testing of the compressive strength and SNI 03-0349-1989 for the testing of the water absorption. The size of the specimen was 5 x 5 x 5 cm. In this study, the compositions of HDPE: coal bottom ash were varied by 70%: 0%, 60%: 10%, 50%: 20%, and 40%: 30%. The Holcim cement was 30% of the volume fraction. Testing was conducted after the specimens stay in 7 and 28 days. For the 7 days old of specimens, the highest compressive strength has resulted from 50%:20% composition with the value of 5.88 N/mm2. For the 28 days old specimens, the highest compressive strength was 8.34 N/mm2. The lowest water absorption test was delivered by the more coal bottom ash in the composition of 40%:30%. It was 16.971%. The more coal bottom ash, the less water absorption. The mean of specimens density was 1.076 gr/cm3. The result of the research shows that recycles HDPE and coal bottom ash as concrete block meet the required strength.

Abstract: In this research, alkali treated zallaca fibre reinforced with high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites are subjected to water immersion tests in order to study the dimensional changes and flexural properties of composites. Composites were frabricated using compression molding method with zallaca fiber content of 30% vt. Composite specimens were immersed under three different solution included distilled water, sea water and acidic solutions for 2 months at room temperature. The highest dimensional changes was recorded for composite immersed in seawater followed by acidic solution and distilled water. The dimensional changes of Zallaca fibre reinforced HDPE in different solution were found to follow a Fickian behaviour. Alkali treated fiber composites after immersion has lower results both in dimensional changes and its slope than untreated fiber composites in different aquaeous environment. The severe degradations are observed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) that showed microcracks growth, and degradation of interfacial region between fiber and matrix. Flexural properties of composites decrease after immersion stage in different values.

Abstract: Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was grafted onto the surface of HDPE particles by radiation grafting and emulsion graft copolymerization. And subsequent ring-opening reaction of expoxy groups in poly-GMA graft chains with N-methylglucamine (NMG) was conducted to synthesis the boron adsorbent. The synthesis condition (radiation dose and NMG concentration) was optimized and characterized by IR and SEM. Adsorption behaviors of the boron adsorbent for boron removal presented that adsorption kinetics was well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic mode. The adsorption isothermal was well fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption capacity for boron reached 15.63 mg/g at optimal pH 8. Dynamic experiment revealed that boron could be efficiently adsorbed by the boron adsorbent and fully desorbed using 13 BV of 1 mol/L HCl.

Abstract: This work focuses on studying the possibility of 3D printing of composite materials composed by cork and a polymer matrix (CPC). Initially the cork was mixed with two types of polymers (HDPE and PP) in different proportions and later processed using extrusion and injection. The composites were tested to study the physical, chemical and mechanical properties. The material was then tested on a large-scale 3D printer to study its feasibility and the ability to produce new products through 3D printing. Attention was focused on the use of pure cork, varying the concentration of cork and coupling agent in thermoplastic matrix composites of PP and HDPE. It was demonstrated that the increase of 5wt.% of coupling agent in the two types of polymers significantly improved the mechanical properties and adhesion between the phases but the increase in cork concentration decreased mechanical properties and crystallinity. The CPCs with PP showed to have better mechanical properties, better aesthetic and internal structural quality, and easier processability than those with HDPE matrix. Nevertheless, the HDPE CPCs showed a high degree of crystallization. Concerning 3D printing, with the filament obtained was demonstrated the possibility of making new products based on natural cork fibers, showing promising results, although additional research is still needed to optimize the process.

Abstract: Rotational molding is the forming process that use in produce large product, complexity product and hollow product with the limitation of process ability and material. Most of the rotational molding is a large product with a longer useful life compare to other technique, so to reused the material from other process can help to increase the competition of rotational molding in the market. This paper chooses recycled HDPE from blowing process due to it generally used by the market and not difficult to find. So in this paper choose to studies the blend of virgin LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene) and recycled HDPE (high density polyethylene) for application in septic tank by rotational molding process. Various ratio of blending were investigated to find the morphology, mechanical properties and the relation of melt flow rate and rheology. Mechanical properties are generally referred to tensile test, hardness test, impact strength and Morphology by Scanning Electron Microscope. Many studies have carried out to investigate about rotational molding forming process control, mold and process condition, some on material ability and new material to used in rotational molding to improve the mechanical properties and various technique in forming by rotational molding. But this article will investigated more about the use of recycled material from other forming technique process (which refer to blowing process in this article) to use in rotational molding process for produce septic tank compare to the commercial quality.

Abstract: Rheological study has been performed experimentally by using melt flow index (MFI) tester on a mixture of CI (Carbonyl Iron) powder and HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) polymer. The rheological properties such as volume flow rate (cm³/s), shear strain rate (s^-1) and viscosity (Pa.s) are investigated for varying conditions of temperature and weight (pressure). This also includes experimental determination of viscosity dependence over parameters like temperature, shear strain rate and CI powder loading by weight added in HDPE. For this experimental conditions selected are temperatures 448⁰K-523⁰K in steps of 25⁰K, weights in MFI tester (ultimately converted to shear strain rate) 0.325, 1.20, 2.16, 3.80, 5.00Kg and carbonyl iron powder loading in binder HDPE (by weight) 80%-92% in steps of 6%. A constitutive equation for viscosity is formulated which considers all factors affecting viscosity with the maximum percentage error of about 4% between experimental value and value predicted by the formulated equation is obtained.

Abstract: In present research work, metal injection molded cylindrical samples containing the mixture of carbonyl iron powder and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were compressed at various strain rates. Three mixtures of carbonyl iron powder and HDPE were prepared to contain 80 %( Material A), 86 %( Material B) and 92 %( Material C) metal powder by weight. Compression tests were performed on the cylindrical samples at different crosshead velocities of Universal Testing Machine varying from 0.6-25 mm/min. True stress-true strain behavior of these samples under uniaxial compression test was studied. Based on these curves, polynomial equations were formulated to describe the plastic deformation behavior of the various mixtures at various cross head velocities. The Material C samples showed higher strength as compared to samples from the other two materials. However, Material A showed superior deformation behavior.

Abstract: Biodegradable blends consisting of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(butylene adipate-coterephthalate) (PBAT) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) were blended in two proportions at PLA/PBAT/ENR ratios of 70/10/20 and 70/20/10. Then, blends these biodegradable polymers (PLA/PBAT/ENR) with HDPE at various ratios of 20/80, 10/90 and 5/95 wt%, the mechanical and morphological properties were investigated. Tensile tests of PLA/PBAT/ENR blends revealed high tensile strength and modulus but low elongation compared with HDPE. The tensile strength, elongation at break and impact strength of HDPE/biodegradable polymer blends decreased with increasing biodegradable polymer contents. Morphological properties of HDPE/biodegradable polymer blends were investigated by scanning electron microscope, which showed smoother surface of HDPE/biodegradable (70/10/20) than those of (70/20/10) polymer blends according to ENR compatibilization effect.