Papers by Keyword: Hardwood

Abstract: Model constructing was conducted with 3D Studio Max modeling technology for hardwood minute structure in three steps. In the first step, the single-cell models were built according to the true form and shape of various kinds of cells, including vessel elements, wood-fiber cells, longitudinal parenchyma cells and ray cells. In the second step, the single-tissue models for all the four kinds of wood tissues (vessel, wood-fiber, longitudinal parenchyma and wood ray) were constructed by setting the same kind of single-cell models together according to the cell grouping ways inside true wood. In the third step, according to the distributing and arranging ways of the four kinds of wood tissues inside true wood, the whole model of wood block in minute structure was constructed by assembling the four kind of single-tissue models in a block. After that, the virtual model in computer was materialized by means of modern 3D printing technology, and finally the solid model in minute structure of Ficus microcarpa wood was constructed.

Abstract: In the present study, the thermongravimetric analysis (TGA) of laboratory hardwood and softwood particleboard was studied. The TGA showed that both hardwood and softwood have similar thermal behaviour at the same peak temperature. However, softwood is concluded to have higher fire retardancy as more char formation happened in softwood. A further study was carried out to compare the thermal behaviour of laboratory manufactured boards with the commercial grade boards. Superior thermal stability of commercial particleboard had confirmed its effective crosslinking and wood-resin adhesion.

Abstract: Hardwood is from angiosperm trees. The characteristic of woods include flower, endosperm within seeds and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. This paper aim is to discuss the preparation and characterization the cellulose obtained from hardwood and the analysis of the cellulose from x-ray diffraction result. The hardwood Merbau (Intsia bijuga) was chosen as raw material in this study. Ethanol toluene, lignin and holocellulose extraction methods were used for the preparation of cellulose while acid hydrolysis was used to produce the cellulose nanocrystal (CNC). The untreated (pure hardwood Merbau) and cellulose samples were characterized using XRD. The final products from all samples were then compared.

Abstract: Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees. The characteristic of hardwood include flowers, endosperm within seeds and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. This paper aims to discuss the preparation and characterization of cellulose obtained from hardwood. The hardwood Merbau (Intsia bijuga) was chosen as raw material in this study. Alkaline treatment and delignification methods were used for the preparation of cellulose. Acid hydrolysis was employed to produce cellulose nanocrystal (CNC). The treated and untreated samples were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The final product, from both trated and untreated samples were then compared.

Abstract: Due to the shortage of wood resource, manufacturers often use the wood raw materials mixed with softwood and hardwood. Rapid classification and ratio prediction of softwood and hardwood during processing is important to quality control. The feasibility on rapid classification of softwood and hardwood by near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) was investigated in this paper. The results showed that: 1) the classification accuracy of the calibration set samples was 100%. The correlation coefficient (r) between the NIR predicted and the true category variable value was 0.98～0.99 with low SEC of 0.06～0.11; 2) the classification accuracy to the unknown samples was 100%. It was suggested that near infrared spectroscopy can be used to rapidly and accurately classify softwood and hardwood samples.

Abstract: The wood is one of the most favourable structural material. It appears on all fields of the ordinary life. It is difficult to say an application where the wood is not used due to its cheap price, availability and just simply the beauty. Beside of the wide range of process technologies a new process appeared. This process changes the properties of the material and brings many new applications to this traditional material. This process is the compression of the structural wood material. This publication deals with the effect of the compression on the mechanical properties of two hardwoods (beech: fagus sylvatica, oak: quercus) by the help of the three-point bending test and the Charpy impact test.