Papers by Keyword: In Vitro

Abstract: This study focuses on the development of magnesium-zinc (Mg-Zn) matrix alloys enriched with rare earth elements (RE), aiming to evaluate both their structural characteristics and in vitro biological responses. The designed alloys incorporated varying amounts of Zn, Nd, Ce, Gd, Zr, and Ca. Two specific EZ43 alloy compositions were synthesized using an induction-heated furnace under a protective gas atmosphere, differing in their Nd-to-Ce weight ratios (1:2 and 2:1). Following casting, the alloys were homogenized at 400 °C for 24 hours to eliminate dendritic structures and minimize elemental segregation. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was employed to assess the chemical compositions, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provided detailed insight into microstructural features and potential intermetallic phases. Biocompatibility was evaluated through cytotoxicity and genotoxicity tests, conducted in accordance with internationally recognized standards to ensure reliability. Results indicated no genotoxic effects and demonstrated high cell viability up to 142% particularly in Nd-enriched samples. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in biological behavior between the Nd-rich and Ce-rich alloys, with Nd contributing positively to cellular responses. These findings emphasize the importance of RE composition in influencing biocompatibility and suggest that Nd-enriched Mg-Zn alloys hold strong promise for biomedical applications requiring both structural integrity and favorable biological interaction.

Abstract: This study reports the preparation of white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) using precipitate calcium carbonate (PCC) by sol-gel method at various thermal treatments 900, 1100, and 1300 °C. The composition of WMTA included PCC (55% CaO), C₆H₁₆O₃Si-TEOS (21% SiO₂), Al(NO₃)₃⋅9H₂O (2% Al₂O₃), and Bi₂O₃. WMTA 1100 with the highest purity was proven by the presence of C₃S, C₃A, and α-Bi₂O₃ phase in X-ray diffraction patterns. Results show that based on the SEM image WMTA 1100 formed a smaller crystal agglomeration (6-8 µm) and FTIR analysis found Bi-O (BiO₃) vibration in Bi₂O₃ at 1100 and 950 cm^-1, a characteristic of the β-C₂S phase. The radiopacity value of WMTA 1100 resembles ProRoot MTA, namely 6.86±0.36 millimeters of aluminum (mm Al). WMTA 1100 gives the highest compressive strength, smallest solubility, highest pH, and calcium levels in comparison to WMTA 900 and WMTA 1300.

Abstract: Chalcone has a variety of interesting biological activities, including as an antioxidant and anticancer. Antioxidants are molecules that can retard or prevent the oxidation process or inhibit the formation of free radicals. p-Hydroxy-m-Methoxy Chalcone (pHmMC) is a chalcone derivative reported has anticancer activity both in used single and in combination treatment with Doxorubicin (DOX) in breast cancer cell lines. DOX is one of the chemotherapy agents widely used in cancer treatment but the medicine has side effects of cardiotoxicity. This effect is generally associated with free radical formation. This study aims to find out the activity of pHmMC as an antioxidant both in used single and in combination treatment with DOX by in vitro and to explore the potential of pHmMC as an antioxidant by in silico. Activity tests as antioxidants were measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test. Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) was used as a positive control. Antioxidant activity was calculated as the value of 50% Inhibition Concentration (IC₅₀). In silico study was carried out by molecular docking using Protein Ligand ANT System (PLANTS) software with peroxiredoxin 5 [1HD2] as the target. The results showed that the IC₅₀ values of pHmMC, DOX, and Vitamin C were 11.9; 21.6 and 3.3 μ/mL respectively. The combination of pHmMC-DOX has a higher antioxidant activity than single pHmMC or single DOX. The docking molecular showed that there were similarities amino acids involved in the interaction between PRDX5[1HD2]-pHmMC and PRDX5[1HD2]-DOX. This research indicated that pHmMC and pHmMC-DOX are potentially developed as an antioxidant.

Abstract: The oral delivery is the most practical route to deliver drugs into the body, however drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters can play important roles in modulating drug absorption. This study intended to find a natural bioenhancer for improving drug bioavailability. Two limonoids, including limonin deepoxy and nomilin, isolated from pomelo pulp were studied and the inhibition effects on human CYP3A4 and P-gp were investigated. Testosterone 6β-hydroxylation was performed in recombinant human CYP3A4 to discover the effects on CYP activity. Daunorubicin transport in Caco-2 and calcein-AM uptake in LLC-PK₁ and LLC-GA5-COL300 were conducted to evaluate the effects on P-gp function. The results show that both limonin deepoxy and nomilin could inhibit CYP3A4 and only nomilin exhibited mechanism-based inhibition. Nomilin was able to inhibit human P-gp in the concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, nomilin demonstrated strong activities on both CYP3A4 and P-gp, indicating that nomilin could possibly be used as a bioavailability enhancer.

Abstract: In this study, we investigated in vitro toxicity of ZnO nanopowder on L929 fibroblast cell lines. The ZnO nanoparticles were observed to possess relatively more surficial zinc compared to oxygen. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) data revealed that the particle morphologies consisted of nanorods, platelets and nodules between 40-100 nm size range. EDS confirmed that there were more zinc elements on the surfaces of the particles. XRD results showed that the calculated average crystallite size of ZnO nanopowder was 44.28 nm. The optical band gap calculated was 3.298 eV based on UV-visible absorption spectra. In vitro toxicity results showed that ZnO concentration at 0.3125mM, 0.625mM and 1.25 mM were considered non-toxic to L929 cell line since the cell viability was higher than 70 % after 72 hours treatment whereas the ZnO nanopowder concentration above 2.5mM was considered toxic. High surficial zinc atoms on ZnO particles could have been a significant factor in cell toxicity.

Abstract: The innovative LED light source (Sun Box) with irradiation spectrum close to the sun spectrum in the wavelength range 440-660 nm was used in experiment for study the influence of light intensity (75, 135, 230 and 382 μmol/s*m²) on the growth and development of plants. Standard fluorescent lighting was used as a control. The experiments were carried out on plantlets of Stevia rebaudiana and Solanum tuberosum, cvs. Snegir, Rozhdestvenskiy and Kamchatskii) in vitro. The illumination intensity of 75 and 230 μmol/s*m² promoted development of S. rebaudiana plantlets with optimal values of morphometric parameters and well developed roots, which is important for plantlet adaptation to soil conditions. For S. tuberosum plantlets (Snegir and Rozhdestvenskiy cultivars), radiation intensity of 135 μmol/s*m² was optimal for micropropagation. The illumination intensity of 230 μmol/s*m² led to a formation of plantlets with the largest total fresh mass among experimental groups. Sun Box light with intensity of 75 μmol/s*m² could be applicated for micropropagation of these cultivars: plantlets were the highest with the largest internodes number. Thus, the plant response to different light intensity was species-spesific, and – in case of potato plantlets – cultivar-spesific. The use of artificial light sources with distinct PPFD level could be preferable for S. tuberosum and S. rebaudiana plantlet micropropagation in vitro, as it could shorten the cultivation time, accelerate cultivation time, and reduce the cost of electricity.

Abstract: The activity of antibacterial material is conventionally estimated by using an indirect method – a bacteria suspension is inoculated onto a surface, and then the bacteria are collected from the surface and examined as to whether they can form colonies on the agar plate. In the present study, the presence of bacteria was examined by direct detection. Our study is based on FTIR-PAS with an interferometer cantilever detector. Our work discusses the possibility of identifying and distinguishing the presence of different bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and the possibility to evaluate the crystallization processes on the pressed calcium phosphate surface.

Abstract: Tissue engineering has the potential to regenerate tissue which regeneration capacity is limited. Nowadays, three-dimensional scaffold has become an excellent scaffold in tissue engineering. Chitosan as a scaffold material in tissue engineering is known for emerging techniques for treating some tissue damage, but there are questions that need to be answered, including application of chitosan and other materials, to provide growth factors, mechanical support and other micro environment, as well as the application at all levels, including conducive to an optimal and suitable cell source, the usability of growth factor, the selectivity of optimal biomaterial scaffolds as well as the technology for improving partial reconstruction of meniscus tears. This review focuses on current research on application of chitosan as scaffold material of construction In Vitro.

Abstract: Nowadays, bioactive coatings or modifications on titanium surface have been tested in vitro and in vivo. In this study, two types of calcium phosphate coatings were produced by a chemical deposition method and their bioactivity assay in cell culture medium were investigated. The calcium phosphate coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy with field emission gun (FEG-SEM) analyses. Titanium substrate was successfully coated with brushite using chemical deposition method and, after a second step of conversion, the hydroxyapatite coating was obtained. The hydroxyapatite coating showed a bioactivity property after 14 days’ incubation in McCoy medium culture.

Abstract: HA and HA+Y₂O₃ films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition. The microstructure and composition of films were studied by EPMA, XRD, AFM and SEM. In vitro study was performed by immersing the sample in simulate body fluid (SBF) in different days. There are more droplets on films prepared by HA+Y₂O₃ target than that of HA. And addition of Y₂O₃ can decrease the size of crystal grains. The XRD results show that the peaks corresponding to HA slightly shift to lower angel which indicates the HA lattice distorting due to addition of Y₂O₃. The critical load of the films increases from 10.3N to 13N when Y₂O₃ added. The film prepared by target HA+Y₂O₃ shows a higher resistance to dissolution and the precipitated grain size is small. New precipitated phases have similar functional groups with the original films.