Papers by Keyword: Industrial Applications

Abstract: Ultrasonic welding is a process that has been in continuous development since it was first introduced in the 1940s. The process is widely used to join or reform plastic or metal materials using mechanical vibrations propagated at frequencies ranging from 20.000 Hz to gigahertz levels. These vibrations produce heat that melts the materials to be welded at their contact surface. In addition to the heat produced by the vibrations, a preset pressure is applied from the control panel of the welding machine to ensure perfect contact between the welded parts.[1] The ultrasonic welding process is time-efficient, taking less than 0.2 seconds in some cases, and does not damage the outer surface of the parts. The whole paper is structured in two parts, one theoretical and one practical, these parts are divided into six chapters. The first chapter of the paper explains the propagation process of ultrasound and what it actually is, as well as a brief history of ultrasound. In the second chapter there are generalities about ultrasonic welding and how this process is carried out and a history of ultrasonic welding. The third chapter introduces us to the subject of the paper, namely ultrasonic welding of plastics. Chapter four deals with the materials used to produce seat belts and their evolution over time. In chapter five we present all the equipment used for the case study. Chapter six is the case study and the explanation of all the steps performed to find out some results about ultrasonic welding of seat belt samples. Finally, I presented the conclusions drawn from the whole research process and the results obtained for the ultrasonic welding process of seat belts.

Abstract: The detection of ethanol (C₂H₆O), a toxic and hazardous gas, is important for environmental monitoring and industrial safety. This study synthesised a SnO₂-doped NiO (SnO₂-NiO) heterojunction via a hydrothermal method for high-performance ethanol gas sensing applications. The thick films of synthesized materials were developed by using the screen printing technique. In this work, SnO₂ is used as a dopant while NiO is base material. The concentration of SnO₂ is varied from 0.1 N, 0.3 N, 0.5 N, to 0.7 N in the NiO during synthesis. The nanostructure leverages the superior gas-sensing properties of the n-type semiconducting behavior of SnO₂ and the p-type semiconducting behavior of NiO, forming an efficient p-n heterojunction interface. The synthesized material was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to confirm the formation of the heterojunction and analyze its morphology and elemental composition. Gas sensing examinations demonstrated that the SnO₂-doped NiO heterojunction exhibited excellent selectivity (86.74%) and sensitivity towards ethanol at 150°C operating temperatures, with rapid response and recovery times. The enhanced gas-sensing performance is attributed to the synergistic effects between SnO₂ and NiO, which promote electron transfer and improve the interaction with ethanol gas molecules. This work highlights the potential of SnO₂-doped NiO heterojunction in developing highly sensitive and selective ethanol gas sensors for environmental and industrial applications.

Abstract: This paper explores advanced methods and techniques for defect detection, focusing on their effectiveness, challenges, and implications for industrial applications. We explore the combination of CNNs with deflectometry and dark-field polarization imaging for surface defect detection in refrigerator manufacturing and optical components inspection, respectively. We highlight the importance of automated inspection systems in detecting surface defects and discuss the challenges associated with real-time defect detection and limited datasets. This study contributes to advancing defect detection methodologies and provides valuable insights for industrial quality control processes.

Abstract: This paper deals with some of the latest developments and serial production applications at obz innovation gmbh. With three serial production systems and one for the R&D department, obz innovation gmbh is the leading supplier of cold sprayed coatings. The development of the well known serial production process of the sinusoidal copper coating for hybrid cars is explained. Furthermore our ferritic chromium steel induction coating and our new application paths in this area, an immanent temperature limitation function for safety critical reasons, is shown. An example for a field of research actually examined at obz is power electronics with cold sprayed circuits on an insulating ceramic coating with potential use in fields like automotive and many others.

Abstract: 17NiCrMo7, 19MnCr5 and 27MnCr5 low-alloy case-hardening steels samples have been investigated by SANS (Small-Angle Neutron Scattering), to achieve data on bulk nanoscale structure characterisation and complementary analytical and crystallographic information. The reported results are related in particular to the size distribution of nanosized pores which can help to comprehend the structural basis for the physico-chemical properties and thus to improve quality and durability of the considered materials. A complementary PIXE investigation has been also carried out, with the aim of a non-destructive assessment of the elemental composition of the considered samples.

Abstract: The chemical and mechanical stability of membrane play a important role for understanding the mechanism and applications of cobalt tungstate cation exchange membrane. The PVC based cobalt tungstate (CT) membrane has been prepared by different methods like sol-gel, die-casting and others material processing techniques. It has been prepared through the mixing of PVC with cobalt tungstate into a definite ratio (1:3) that shows good mechanical stability. Moreover, the paper is concerned with physico-chemical and electro-chemical characterization of membrane, namely fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical studies. The results of characterization and electrochemical studies offered the potential industrial applications of membrane in different areas.

Abstract: The design and application of hard and superhard (H ≥ 40 GPa) coatings and their properties are discussed with the focus on superhard nanocomposites. The main part of the article deals with examples of industrial applications of hard and superhard nanocomposite coatings as wear protection coatings on tools for machining, forming, stamping, injection molding and the like. The advantages and possibilities as well as the limitations of the different types of coatings with emphasis on the nanocomposites are discussed and illustrated by a number of examples from aerospace and other branches of industry.

Abstract: Investigations on steel thixoforming started in the early 90s and many developments were carried out, mainly driven by the industrialization of the process. After a series of basic investigations on adapted steels and materials as well as near-net shaping investigations, the issue of mass production raised and thus induced some other challenges mainly on die life and process automation and cycling. High working temperatures and components complexity were than the main locks to mass productions. In most of reported literature, none of the involved research group reached or real production and industrialization criteria. The euro group holds most of these research investigations. We have reported many of these results in previous communications and this paper presents a continuity of what have already been presented. Some advanced tooling materials and solutions are presented and applied to a real complex industrial component.

Abstract: Thermal neutrons are very useful probe in a nondestructive determination of internal stress/strains, due to their high penetration into most materials. In comparison with conventional X-ray techniques, real bulk information on both macro-and micro-strains in materials can be obtained by neutron diffraction (ND) techniques. Knowledge of the spatial and directional distribution of internal residual stresses (RS) is increasingly considered fundamental to determine their influence on properties of engineering materials and a consequent material behaviour. As the assesment of stresses is always related to the stress free material state, an accurate evaluation of the unstressed lattice parameters (e.g., the interplanar distance), in order to determine RS by ND is one of the key tasks. It helps to avoid inacceptable errors in the course of the real material strain and stress evaluation. The availability of carefully measured zero-strain standards is also essential to confirm the absence of systematic instrumental effects determining the diffraction profile at a chosen scattering angle. In this paper, the state of the art of the main analytical and experimental procedures currently established or adoptable to determine these critical parameters, particularly regarding industrial applications, is presented.

Abstract: Ultrafine grained, nanostructured materials and other types of recombinant nanomaterials open new windows for future technology which make a revolutionary progress in key technologies such as chemistry, material sciences etc. Literature review of the paper shows that nanomaterials have a lot to do with building construction however there is not an influential relationship between usage of nanostructured materials and building industry. In the other word, commercialization and industrial applications of recombinant nanomaterials had yet to find its own role in contemporary architecture and the building construction industry. Therefore the most important question of the research is: what are the most important commercialization strategies regarding to industrial usage of nanomaterials in building construction The results of the paper show that there is not a meaningful coherence between scientific researches and professional requirements. Moreover academic disciplines generally focus on theoretical era rather than professional fields. In order to make a more prosperous researches regarding to recombinant nanomaterials; should focus on 1-energy, 2-light, 3-security and 4-intelligence; as the most important commercialization strategies regarding to industrial usage of nanomaterials in building construction. Through these four determining strategies, nanomaterials may be adopted in coatings, panels and insulation in building construction; especially in partial requirements like roofs and facades, interior and exterior spaces.