Papers by Keyword: Inflation

Abstract: The persistent rise in inflation rates in Nigeria has introduced significant challenges for the construction industry, particularly in the housing sector. This study investigates the impact of inflation on the quality of housing estate construction projects in Abuja, with a focus on material quality, workmanship, project timelines, and overall construction outcomes. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates quantitative analysis of inflation trends and construction costs using correlation and regression analysis, with qualitative insights from industry stakeholders. Findings reveal a direct correlation between inflation rates and compromises in material quality and workmanship, as well as delays in project completion. The study further identifies adaptive strategies employed by construction firms to mitigate inflationary pressures. These findings contribute to understanding the multifaceted impacts of inflation and offer actionable recommendations for maintaining quality and sustainability in housing estate construction.

Abstract: This paper examines how inflation, economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and urbanisation affect housing affordability in Australia. The study uses secondary-source data (ABS series) and a simple city panel (Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane and Perth), in conjunction with the housing inflation component of the indicator (mortgage rate) to establish a connection, followed to show inflation and urbanisation are pressures exerting their stress on affordability in parallel. Sydney is shown to have experienced the largest annual rise (≈12.5%: 6.2pp inflation, 6.3pp urbanisation). The relatively linked movements were represented via weak inverse correlation (r≈−0.14), therefore we recommend separate state and federal policy levers for these returns to housing affordability. Low-income renters are often exposed to pay ≥30% of their income towards housing, while middle-income first-home buyers are now experiencing tighter serviceability and deposit requirements. Regional areas may appear to be cheaper areas to rent or purchase... yet likely contain unrecognised stress. We propose adjusted transitions over the near-term (indexed cap on rent movement, offset mortgage-stress for all welcome), followed by longer-term supply reforms (diminished approval times, mid-rise infill, Build-to-Rent), but acknowledge the limitations of our data collection that relates to a range of 12 months up to 2024.

Abstract: A novel non-halogen intumescent flame retardant agent (IFR) was prepared by using phosphoric acid, pentaerythritol and aniline as raw materials. The structure and thermal stability of IFR were investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The flame retardant properties of IFR were investigated based on its inflation and char yield performance at 500°C. The results show that both the reaction time and mole ratio of raw materials have effects on the inflation and char yield of IFR.

Abstract: A novel non-halogen intumescent flame retardant agent (IFR) was prepared by using phosphoric acid, pentaerythritol and aniline as raw materials, a flame-retardant poplar wood veneer was prepared by treating the veneer with IFR. The influence factors of flame retardant processing technology on poplar wood veneer were studied by the orthogonal experiment. Flammability of the veneer was investigated by Limit Oxygen Index (LOI) test. The optimal impregnated time, impregnated temperature and impregnated concentration of IFR treated poplar wood veneer were 3h, 80°C and 18% respectively, which can make the veneer get the highest LOI of 46.7%.

Abstract: The replacement problems are concerned with the situation that arises on decrease in the efficiency of the item, failure or breakdown. The problem of replacement is to identify the best policy to determine the ideal replacement time which is most economical. Group replacement model is applicable to the items that fail completely on usage and the result is group replacement age for the entire group of items in the system irrespective of whether they are functioning or not. The present paper proposes intermediate states i.e., minor repair and major repair states in between functioning and irreparable breakdown states. In addition, higher order Markov chains are used in generating the probabilities of items which are falling in different states. In order to consider money value, macro-economic variable, inflation is considered in this model. In the present model, real interest rates are calculated using forecasted inflation for future periods. Future period values of inflation are predicted by using the forecasting technique and a regression model with trigonometric function. These methods are used to accommodate cyclical fluctuation in the prices of items/inflation. The optimal replacement age is the time bucket in which the average cost of the individual replacement, repair and the cost of the items is minimum.

Abstract: In the background of economic globalization and integration, a country's economy will move from closing to opening. While sharing the benefits of this opening economy, it will also bear the negative effects, including "international transmission of inflation" which deserves the widespread concern. With the in-depth development of China's economic reform, China is gradually transferring from a closed economy to an open one. According to the cause of inflation from 2003 to 2007, it cannot be fully attributed to domestic factors. The new domestic inflation from 2010 to 2011 is closely related to the input factors and until the current macroeconomic inflation expectations are obvious. This paper aims to make an empirical study on the data from 2003 to 2012, and to analyze how smooth the international transmission paths of inflation in China.

Abstract: Numerical investigation on the fluid structure interaction in the cylindrical membrane inflation is performed by the Euler-Largrangian method. In membrane inflation, the vortex flow and wave system induced by the interaction between compressible jet flow and membrane appeared inside membrane. This phenomenon concentrates the stresses and generates a pair of bumps. The influences of oscillation and bumps on membrane working performance and safety are also investigated.

Abstract: Numerical modeling and analyzing of parachute inflation process is of prime interest for the mission analysis and design of parachute system. The inflation process and inflation law of a typical flat circular personnel parachute are presented. Then the fundamental equation of the mathematical model of parachute inflation process was formulated. Finally, the present model is used to calculate opening force, and the factors that influence parachute opening shock are analyzed.

Abstract: In this study we develop a two-warehouse deteriorating production-inventory model from the perspectives of both the manufacturer and the retailer. The model considered multiple deliveries, partial backordering and inflation. The discounted cash flow (DSF) and optimization technique are also used to derive the optimal solution. A numerical example is given to validate the results of the whole production-inventory system. This study shows that multiple deliveries of the integrated system results in an optimal solution for the manufacturer-retailer supply chain system.

Abstract: It is very important for gas-membrane interaction between compressible ideal gas and elastic membrane structure of space folded tubes during inflation deployment. This paper analyses gas flow field of the folded tube by the finite volume method, and simulates inflation process of the membrane tube with different height of the baffle. A finite volume model of gas flow field is established in the folded membrane tube, and variations of the pressure inside the membrane tube are obtained with height of the baffle and inlet flow rate. And then, the gas-membrane interaction is calculated by couple the CFD and CSD solver. The results show that the pressure on the membrane wall increases with the inflation velocity, and inlet velocity of inflation gives rise to the vibration of the membrane.