Papers by Keyword: Input-Output Analysis

Abstract: This paper investigates the run of environmental protection industry input-output model. A new mathematic method is applied to study this kind of singular input-output system. With this new method, we need not convert singular systems into general linear systems. A sufficient stability condition under which an environmental protection industry input-output model is stable is proved. This condition is in the form of linear matrix inequality and can be easily tested by computers.

Abstract: This paper estimates the changes of industrial embodied energy consumption in China between 1997 and 2007, and applies a structural decomposition analysis (SDA), based on non-competitive (import) input-output tables, to analyze the sources of change of China’s energy consumption from 1997 to 2007. Results show that China’s energy consumption increased sharply, especially after the accession to WTO. The SDA results indicate that the improvement of energy efficiency during 1997-2007 significantly reduced energy consumption in China while the growth of final demand was the key driver of China’s energy consumption. In addition, distribution of final demand with the declining share of consumption and the increasing share of export push energy consumption upward.

Abstract: To manage operation mechanism of sports coaching teams, the mathematical models are introduced based on the coach evaluation system in USA. Using datum of college coaches and economy in USA from 1913 to 2013, we select top 3 college coaches in basketball, football and baseball field respectively from nearly 4,000 coaches by the AHP model and the Input-Output model. The conclusion is that economic factors should be considered in evaluating coach capacity.

Abstract: The impact factors of the water consumption changes from 1999 to 2002 and from 2002 to 2007 in China are studied with structural decomposition analysis(SDA) model.Firstly, we combine the classical IPAT model with consumer endogenous input-output local closed model, then decompose the impact factors of water consumption changes with the combined model.Secondly, we analyze the direct effect of final demand on water consumption changes. The main results are as follows: (1) At the structural level, the increase of the GDP per capita is the main factor of water consumption increase, the decrease of water use intensity is the main factor of water consumption decrease.(2)At the final demand level, the total final demand change is the main factor of water consumption change, whose effect exceeds water use intensity decrease and the change of technical level. Among the components of final demand, investment is the main factor of water consumption growth, which exceeds the effects of government consumption and net exports.

Abstract: Based on the (import) non-competitive input-output tables, this paper calculates Chinas embodied carbon emission by consumption-based measures and production-based measures, and assesses embodied carbon emissions between China and United States (U.S.), Japan and European Union (EU) in trade. The results revealed that Chinas embodied carbon emission from domestic production (Q^P) was higher than that from domestic consumption by 15.1-25.8% because of the balance of embodied emissions in trade (Q^B) during 1997-2010. Chinas embodied carbon emission within export (Q^E) grew from 0.69Gt in 1997 to 1.98Gt in 2010, accounting for 23.4-35.8% of Q^P. Q^B grew from 0.36Gt in 1997 to 1.12Gt in 2010, accounting for 12.2-23.2% of Q^P. Q^B of China between U.S., Japan and EU increased from 0.25Gt in 1997 to 0.73Gt in 2010, accounting for 8.4-16.0% of Q^P. Around 50% of Chinas embodied carbon emissions resulted from trade between China and U.S., Japan and EU.

Abstract: It is widely believed that the economic success in China is achieved at the expense of natural resources and has resulted in severe pollution of the environment, especially water resources. This study applies a hybrid input-output (IO) model linking economic and ecological systems in order to analyze water consumption and wastewater discharge in the Haihe River Basin. Within the environmental IO framework, a series of assessment indicators is calculated to assist in tracking both direct and indirect effects of freshwater consumption and wastewater discharge in the economic sector, as well as to distinguish the economic sectors that have greatest influence on water demand and pollution. Assessment results indicate that water consumption and pollution can be reduced by readjusting the structure of production, consumption and trade in the Haihe River Basin. It is concluded that in order to achieve sustainable development in the Haihe River Basin with its very poor water endowment, not only the direct but also the indirect effects on water demand and pollution should be considered when production, consumption and trade policies are formulated.

Abstract: This study aims to develop a simplified life cycle assessment model for residential buildings in Indonesia, which can be used under relatively poor data availability conditions. In order to obtain material inventory data and household energy consumption profiles for constructing the above model, a survey was conducted in Bandung in 2011. This paper analyzes life cycle energy and CO2 emissions employing an input-output analysis-based method within unplanned houses (n=250), which are classified into three categories, namely simple, medium and luxurious houses. The results showed that the average embodied energy of simple, medium and luxurious houses was 36.3, 130.0 and 367.7 GJ respectively. The cement consumed the largest energy and emitted the most CO2 emissions among all materials. The annual average operational energy of simple, medium and luxurious houses varied widely at 11.6, 17.4 and 32.1 GJ/year respectively. The energy consumption for cooking accounted for the largest percentage of operational energy. The profiles of life cycle CO2 emissions were similar with those of life cycle energy. The factors affecting embodied, operational and life cycle energy were also studied.

Abstract: The rapid construction of highway in Heilongjiang Province greatly promoted the development of region economy, but on specific question of degree, most research focus on the qualitative research, rare quantitative research. The paper uses the input output method to put the highway construction industry into traditional U-V table and calculate highway construction investment on regional economic gross effect, which has important application value on evaluation and decision-making of transportation after constructing highway.

Abstract: As a big country of exports trade, China’s carbon dioxide emission embodied in exports is considerable, and its regional difference is significant. The paper chooses nineteen provinces (municipality city and autonomous region) to evaluate their carbon dioxide emission embodied in exports using input-output analysis. Results show that regional difference of carbon dioxide emission embodied in exports is significant, and its basic character is carbon dioxide emission embodied in exports of east is higher than west. The paper chooses Liaoning and Ningxia as cases, using structural decomposition analysis model to decompose their difference of carbon dioxide emission embodied in exports. The difference of carbon dioxide emission embodied in exports is decomposed into four parts: direct carbon dioxide intensity difference, intermediate technology difference, exports volume and structure difference. Results indicate that their contribution value is-589.60 ten thousand ton,-316.04 ten thousand ton,5947.99 ten thousand ton and -344.94 ten thousand ton respectively. So carbon dioxide emission embodied in exports of Liaoning is more than that of Ningxia because of their exports volume difference. Direct carbon dioxide intensity, intermediate technology difference and exports structure effect are factors to promote carbon dioxide emission embodied in exports of Liaoning is less than Ningxia, but their effect is smaller than exports volume effect. So the main reason of China’s carbon dioxide emission regional difference is exports volume.

Abstract: According to ‘IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories’, carbon emission coefficients were estimated. Then based on input-output analysis methods, the carbon emission model was built and the carbon emission in different inventories had been calculated in China in 2007. According to the calculation, we can get some meaningful conclusions for carbon reduction in China, which are useful for policy-makers.