Papers by Keyword: Interaction

Abstract: Ultrasonic dispersion of a silica hydrosol is compared with the effects of mechanical activation through the combined action of high shear stresses, ultrasound and cavitation. This action leads to breaking the siloxane bonds and increasing the content of silanol groups. The mechanical activation of binary silica system with acrylate dispersion promotes a chemisorption of oligoacrylate with the formation of Si – O – C and Si – C bonds. The effect of modification of oligoacrylate on the formation of a graft-copolymer and the stiffness of a composite material was evaluated.

Abstract: Material choices for liquid lead bismuth spallation target are some of austenitic stainless steel, ferrite martensitic steel and cold-worked austenitic stainless steel. In order to ensure materials resistance to irradiation and corrosion as well as compatibility with lead bismuth, it is appropriate to lower the incident proton current density and the process temperature, in which temperature range engineering design can control to work, especially in ADS (Accelerator-Driven nuclear transmutation System) concept. The lower limit temperature is determined from the physical melting temperature and the engineering efficiency of the steam generator involved in process control. The material related issues for liquid lead bismuth are mass loss by impinging secondary flow, wettability at the device interface for ultrasonic waves application, detachable control of the slag in the flowing system, stabilized electrical resistance between the material and the liquid lead bismuth interface. Electromagnetic fluid analyses show how flow rate relates electrical resistivity of flow channel material.

Abstract: The study of the intermolecular interactions is important to explain the phenomenon occurred on the human body. One of the most important processes that can be studied is the interaction of the peptide with metal ions. In this study, a computational approach was harnessed to predict the interaction and the changes in peptide’s conformation between Cys-Ala peptide which is one of the important amino acids in e-cadherin with some of alkaline earth metal ions. Cys-Ala peptide (Ac-CA-NH₂) was used as a molecular model in this calculation. All the molecular structure involved in the interaction was optimized by density functional theory DFT/M06-2X, and basis set 6-31G** to obtain minimum energy, the interaction energies, and the changes in its conformation. The results showed that the interaction energy of Ac-CA-NH₂ with alkaline earth metal ions from top to bottom based on the Periodic table is getting higher in a row. The interaction energies of Ac-CA-NH₂ with Be²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions are -2.393kcal, -17.489 kcal, and -25.938 kcal respectively. These energies were obtained from the interaction of the peptide with ions in a water solvent. The changes in the peptide's bond length and dihedral angle indicate a conformational change in the Cys-Ala peptide, but it still maintains the trans conformation in its peptide bonds. The results and evaluations of this study may be used for further research considerations and may be applied to enzymes or other peptides that have the Cys-Ala residue.

Abstract: This study aims to investigate the interaction during the co-pyrolysis of Cangzhou coal and sawdust/rice husk. The synergistic is analyzed in the thermal behavior of the blends and the kinetics by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), also in the products yield (oil and char) from the fast co-pyrolysis and the oil characterization by GC-MS and UV fluorescence spectroscopy. Firstly TG experiment indicated the synergistic effect occurs during the co-pyrolysis process of the coal and rice husk occurs during the all the main pyrolysis (300-550°C) and that of the sawdust between 300-410°C (for the 50:50 and the 75:25 blends) and 300-550°C (for the 25:75 blend). Then the co-fast pyrolysis in a novel auger reactor increased the oil yield compared to the predicted values. The synergistic interaction promoted the oxygenated compounds, limited the SO_x emissions, was less reactive and did not promote the aromatic components.

Abstract: Metallic materials usually have microscopically heterogeneous structures, such as polycrystalline structures, affecting macroscopic mechanical characteristics. Both macroscopic and microscopic non-uniform deformations of polycrystalline pure copper under a moderate stress gradient were investigated. In this study, macroscopic and microscopic non-uniform deformations under higher stress gradients are investigated. Uniaxial tensile tests using three-curve specimens with different curvatures and grain sizes were performed. In order to evaluate the heterogeneous strain field in the specimen surface, the development of the displacement field was measured using the digital image correlation method (DIC). The stress field was evaluated by coupling the DIC and finite-element methods. In smaller-grain specimens, a strong strain concentration was generated in the minimum cross-section area. Although a strong strain concentration was also confirmed in a larger-grain specimen, the strain field depended not only on the specimen shape but also on the microscopic heterogeneity. This microstructure-driven non-uniform deformation was also observed in the specimen with a larger curvature radius. These results indicated that the macroscopic non-uniform deformation should be estimated by the material parameter related to the microscopic heterogeneity.

Abstract: Nowadays, mobile devices, such as smartphones, tablets or smartwatches, are essential items in our daily life. Further, more and more people use smart mobile devices in their everyday work for remote controlling, observing diagrams, performing web analytics, etc. However, the full potential of mobile devices is not tapped yet; built-in sensors such as accelerometers or gyroscopes offer a wide range of interaction capabilities, which are still often not fully used in nowadays mobile applications. On the other hand, desktops are still the dominating working device, but with significantly differing interaction means. With additional hand tracking devices capturing the user's gestures additional input possibilities are available but still often unused. In this paper, we investigate on a concept for orientation-based touch-less interaction. Depending on the type of device - traditional desktop or a mobile device - we use an interaction metaphor called "Waggle"; utilizing of tilting and turning of either the user's hand or the mobile device itself for additional input possibilities. Based on the results of two pilot studies for both environments, basic parameters for future design decisions are derived: on the one hand, the maximum angle for basic rotation axes are evaluated. On the other hand, different discretizations of tilt and turn angles are investigated. Based on the outcome of both studies the optimal configuration for the use of the Waggle interaction metaphor in future applications on both mobile and desktop environments are defined.

Abstract: Novel application of graphene combined with light emitting materials has been proposed recently due to the plasmonic effects of graphene. Here, we report our investigations on the structural and optical properties of two graphene/ZnO hybrid structures that fabricated based on different ZnO supports. Plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet photoluminescence has been observed from both samples. The combined Raman and photoluminescence studies suggest a strong interaction between ZnO and graphene, which is affected by the surface structures of ZnO. Our results develop insights about the influence of ZnO supports on the PL enhancement and interfacial coupling in graphene/ZnO hybrid structures, which provides a reference for the design and fabrication of optoelectronic devices with high efficiency.

Abstract: In this work, we have investigated the adsorption behavior of the CN radicals on electronic properties of BC₂N nanotube (BC₂NNT) by means of the B3LYP hybrid density functional method using 6-31G(d) basis set. The results show that CN radicals can be chemically adsorbed on the nanotube. Based on the energy analysis, the most stable position of CN radical on the nanotube is C1 site. Also, the C-side complexes are more stable than the N-side complexes. We investigated the effects of CN radicals adsorption on the electronic properties of the BC₂N nanotube. According to our calculations, band gap energy of the BC₂NNT decreases with increasing the number of CN radicals. It is predicted that the conductivity and reactivity of nanotube increase by increasing the number of CN radicals. Based on the NBO analysis, in all complexes charge transfer occurs from nanotube to CN radical. The AIM results show that, the Xtube…YCN interaction has covalent nature. Generally, The BC₂N nanotube can be used to as sensor for nanodevice applications.

Abstract: Graphene oxide (GO) was modified by polyphenylvinylsiloxane (PPVS) through π-π conjugation interaction. The modified GO/PMMA nanocomposites were prepared via in situ bulk polymerization. The modification of GO was characterized by using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thermal conductivity, thermal stability and mechanical properties of PMMA and its composites were investigated by using TG, heat conduction analysis, and three-point bending strength test, respectively. The results showed that PPVS modified GO was prepared through non-covalent interaction, and composites with non-convalent phase interfaces were also obtained. With the addition of GO-PPVS, the three-point bending strength of GO-PPVS/PMMA increased to about 68 MPa. GO wrapped by PPVS could not form thermal conducting networks at the percolation thresholds. The increasing amount of PPVS prevented the formation of thermal conduction network, and decreased the thermal conductivity of the composites. The thermal stability of the composites was influenced by three main factors, and the total effect of the three factors on thermal stability illustrated a negative trend.

Abstract: Dynamic force that strains on the rail and the wheel occurs. In case of wheel flats, during wheel and rail interaction, exposure time of dynamic forces acting in contact is very short and depends on the railway vehicle speed and the length of flat.Results obtained from a method that uses mathematical model of a system “Railway Vehicle Wheel-Track” and the simplified method to determine a vertical impact force of wheel with flat and rail interaction are presented in this article.The results of the mathematical and physical results of this system are analysed and presented.