Papers by Keyword: Jatropha Oil

Abstract: Vegetable oils are bio-fluids that could replace petroleum-based products due to its environment friendly characteristics and becoming an important source of bio-lubricants. The great advantage of vegetable oils is that they are widely available, renewable source of bio-lubricants. Moreover, vegetable oil based lubricant have shown the potential to reduce carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon emissions when operated in engines. There are two ways to use vegetable oil as a bio-lubricant, either use directly the neat vegetable oil without any additives or use with certain blending ratio of the vegetable oil with mineral lubricant. In this paper, the influences of the normal load on the tribological characteristics for the blending of two types of vegetable oils were investigated and compared with commercial lubricant oil by the use of the four ball tribotester. The vegetable blends are RBD palm olein and Jatropha oil ratio of RBD40/J60. All experimental works were conforming to ASTM D4172. The results exhibited that the both blending of RBD palm olein and Jatropha oil has lower the wear scar of ball bearings and coefficient of friction compared to commercial lubricant oil. As a conclusion, the blending of RBD palm olein and Jatropha oil has better performance compared to commercial lubricant oil or neat RBD palm olein.

Abstract: The ain of the present paper describes about the bio-oil extraction using soxhlet and supercritical CO₂ process. The percentage yield 82.34 % was more in the case of supercritical CO₂ extraction. The extracted bio-oil was converted into biodiesel using enzymatic trans-esterification reaction. A novel catalyst Gum arabic coated magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles are used in the enzymatic trans-esterification reaction. The extracted bio-oil and produced bio-diesel samples were characterised using GC-MS spectral data. Similarly, physical properties such as density, flash point, kinematic viscosity, cloud point and pour point were found out for Jatropha oil and Jatropha methyl ester. The values obtained from the Jatropha methyl ester is closely matched with the values of conventional diesel and can be used in the existing diesel engine without any modification.

Abstract: The searching of environmentally friendly materials that have potential to replacement mineral oil is currently being considered a top priority research topic in the fuel and energy sector. This paper presents the influence of ultrasound-assisted transesterification of jatropha oil to isopropyl ester and the optimum condition. The transesterification was performed by using isopropyl alcohol as solvent in the presence of ultrasound operating frequency constant at 35 kHz. The isopropyl ester content of product was 97.80 % under the the reaction temperature of 60 °C, isopropyl alcohol to jatropha oil molar ratio of 8 : 1 within the reaction time of 15 minutes.

Abstract: Fuel injection system is widely used in the field of burner system nowadays. Spray nozzles having various operating conditions depends on the design of nozzle and it is precision components designed to perform very specific spray characteristics under specific conditions. This review paper focuses on spray characteristics, effects of geometry of injector, influence of fuel and hole shaped nozzle with cylindrical and conical holes on spray characteristics. The parameters were discussed based on an overview of the research in the field of simulations with nozzle shaped injectors. A massive majority researcher reported that conical nozzle hole is better due to it contributed suppression of cavitation in nozzle hole, slowed down primary breakup process and thus produced larger spray droplets, high spray penetration.

Abstract: The burner system is a patented, unique, higher-efficiency and fuel-injector system that works with a specially designed oil burner to create ultra-efficient combustion that reduces oil use, greenhouse gases and other harmful emissions. This research shows the injector nozzle geometries play a significant role in spray characteristics, atomization and formation of fuel-air mixture in order to improve combustion performance, and decrease some pollutant products from burner system. The aim of this research is to determine the effects of nozzle hole shape on spray characteristics of the premix injector by using CFD. Multiphase of volume of fluid (VOF) cavitating flow inside nozzles are determined by means of steady simulations and Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid approach is used for performing mixing of Jatropha oil and air. Nozzle flow simulations resulted that cavitation area is strongly dependent on the nozzle hole shape. Conical hole with k-factor of 2 provides higher flow velocity and turbulent kinetic energy compared with conical hole with k-factor of 1.3 and cylindrical hole. The results show that the premix injector nozzle hole shape gives impact to the spray characteristics and indirectly affects the emission of the system.

Abstract: The continued using of petroleum energy as a sourced for fuel is widely recognized as unsustainable because of the decreasing of supplies while increasing of the demand. Therefore, it becomes a global agenda to develop a renewable, sustainable and alternative fuel to meets with all the demand. Thus, biodiesel seems to be one of the best choices. In Malaysia, the biodiesel used is from edible vegetable oil sources; palm oil. The uses of palm oil as biodiesel production source have been concern because of the competition with food materials. In this study, various types of biodiesel feedstock are being studied and compared with diesel. The purpose of this comparison is to obtain the optimum engine performance of these different types of biodiesel (edible, non-edible, waste cooking oil) on which are more suitable to be used as alternative fuel. The optimum engine performance effect can be obtains by considering the Brake Power (BP), Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC), Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) and Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE).

Abstract: In a diesel engine the soot was produced due to the result of incomplete fuel combustion in the combustion chamber. Some of this soot moves down slowly to piston where the lubricant oil is located. This soot causes the lubricant oil to become contaminated thus increases its viscosity. As a result, frequent changing of lubricant oil is required in order to keep up the engine performance. This soot also has solid particles (Particulate Matter: PM) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) that are very harmful to the environment. The purpose of this study is to compare the opacity value of B20 (Jatropha) oil, Palm oil and diesel oil by using diesel engine. Besides that, this project also aims to compare the average of soot agglomeration size produces by using Jatropha oil, Palm oil and diesel oil in diesel engine. In this experiment, Jatropha and Palm oil was mixed with Diesel oil before being tested to diesel engine. A smoke tester was used to collect soot that came out from the exhaust of the diesel engine. The soot was observed by inverted microscope in order to investigate the soot agglomeration size. Result from this studies show that the value of opacity value of biodiesel Jatropha and Palm oil is lower compared to Diesel oil. Besides that, Diesel oil has the biggest soot agglomeration size compared to biodiesel.

Abstract: Metalworking fluids (MWFs) are widely used in machining process to improve its performance and product quality. It acts as a coolant and lubricant to reduce heat between the contact of two surfaces. However, commercial MWFs used in the industry were usually from petroleum-based oil which is toxic to the environment, difficult to dispose and caused significant health. Therefore, it is essential to develop a bio-based MWFs to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks. This study was aimed to determine the effect of chemically modified crude jatropha oil (CJO) with trimethylolpropane (TMP) at different molar ratio on tribological characteristic. The produced TMP esters are compared with synthetic ester in terms of wear scar diameter, coefficient of friction and friction torque. From the result, it shows that modified jatropha oil was equivalent with synthetic ester and provided good lubrication and reduce friction and wear.

Abstract: This paper investigated the three critical reaction parameters including catalyst concentration, microwave exit power and reaction time for the transesterification process of jatropha curcas oil using microwave irradiation. The work is an attempt to reduce the production cost of biodiesel. Similar quantities of methanol to oil molar ratio 6:1 and calcium oxide as a heterogeneous catalyst were used. The results showed that the best yield percentage 96% was obtained using 300W microwave exit power, 8 %wt CaO and 7 min. The methyl ester FAME obtained was within the standard of biodiesel fuel.

Abstract: This research investigated the physical properties of Jatropha oil to determine its viability as a clean and renewable source of lubricant oil. The study was performed using a four-ball tribotester, CCD camera, digital microscope and viscosity meter. The experiment was conducted using different temperatures (55, 75 and 105°C). The experiment was conducted of constant parameters as speed; load and time under the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), number D 4172.The data included the evaluation of anti-wear, anti-friction and viscosity of Jatropha oil. To evaluate lubricant ability all results of this research were compared to findings regarding hydraulic oil as a mineral oil-based lubricant. The results showed that, under various temperatures Jatropha oil had better lubricant ability compared to hydraulic mineral oil.