Papers by Keyword: LSCM

Abstract: A new combination of laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) and electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) with a field-emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) is utilized to study the mechanism of bainite transformation in reheated low carbon bainitic weld metal. The LSCM observations show that laths grow on the surface at various rates, from 30 μm/s to 240 μm/s, which is greatly larger than those referred in literature for bainite. In order to confirm that the laths are bainite and not surface martensite, additional experiments were performed. The crystallographic characteristics of surface bainite were compared with those of bulk bainite obtained during isothermal treatments and those of bulk martensite obtained by water quenching. By means of a dedicated EBSD data-treatment software, orientation relationship, variant selection and packet groups were identified; it was shown that both the surface laths and bulk bainite share the same misorientation, habit plane, and have similar variant distribution. Experiments are running to compare these features with those of bulk martensite. If the distinction between martensite and bainite is successful, the very high growth rates of the surface laths could be used to discuss the displacive/diffusive nature of bainitic transformations.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to obtain the effect of drying methods on surface properties and ink penetration. Laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) was used in order to characterize the penetration depth through quantitative analysis. Fluorescent ink was used to observe and characterize ink penetration and distribution by LSCM. The results showed that the drying methods had an important role on the surface properties and ink penetration of coated paper. Infrared drying compared with vacuum drying and hot air drying was good to improve the paper properties, which resulted in low roughness, high gloss, low ink absorption and high paper surface efficiency. It could be concluded that infrared drying compared with vacuum drying and hot air drying resulted in the highest print density and better printability.

Abstract: To observe binder distribution, and obtain the relationship between drying method and binder distribution in the z-direction, Rhodamine B was used to stain the binder and as the probe to characterize z-directional distribution of the binder using LSCM. The results implied that it was reliable and effective method using LSCM to characterize the z-directional distribution of binder and analyze the influence of dry method on binder migration. It could be concluded that the dry method was critical to binder distribution in coated paper and vacuum drying accelerated binder migration to the base paper, however vacuum drying made uniform binder distribution. Infrared drying was good to producing little binder migration towards the interior of base paper, but infrared drying was disadvantageous to even binder distribution.

Abstract: Ink is transferred and sets onto the paper surface in the printing process, which affect printing quality and usage of ink. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of ink type on ink absorption and characterize the penetration depth through quantitative analysis by Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM). Fluorescent ink was used to observe and characterize ink penetration by LSCM. Three-dimensional images of ink pigment penetration were obtained by reconstructing all XY plane images. It could be concluded Common offset printing ink compared with UV offset printing resulted in deeper ink penetration ,uneven ink distribution and lower print density. Because the composition and drying method of UV offset printing ink and common offset printing ink were significant different, penetration depth and distribution uniformity of these two types of offset printing ink in coated paper were distinct.

Abstract: Binder is the essential component of coating color recipe. The amount and type of latex binder has a significant effect on both the structure and chemical-physical properties of coated paper, which affect critical surface properties, e.g., print gloss, roughness, ink setting rate via liquid absorption, and print mottle The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of coating solid on the binder distribution in the method of numerical analysis by Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM). In this study, Rhodamine B was used to stain the binder and as the probe to characterize z-directional distribution of the binder using LSCM. The results implied that it was reliable and effective method using LSCM to characterize the z-directional distribution of binder and analyze the influence of coating solid on binder distribution in the z-direction. It could be concluded that the coating solid played an important effect on binder distribution in coated paper and low coating solid with more water accelerated binder migration to the interior of base paper, sample with 60% coating solid is good to binder distribution and coating layer forming.

Abstract: Electrochemical sensors based on tubular yttria-stabilized zerconia (YSZ) with the perovskite-type oxide as a sensing-electrode (SE), which is prepared by sol-gel method, were fabricated and examined for NO₂ detection in the temperature range 400~700°C. The results show that La_0.75Sr_0.25Cr_0.5Mn_0.5O₃(LSCM), shows extreme sensitivity to NO₂. The EMF varies linearly as a function of the concentration of NO₂ (0 ~ 463 ppm) at 500 °C.

Abstract: The penetration of ink into the paper affects the final appearance of printing and the amount of ink usage. The main aim of this experiment was to investigate the efficiency of coating speed on surface properties and ink penetration and to characterize the penetration depth through quantitative analysis by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). The results indicated that the surface properties of coated paper could be adjusted and improved by increasing the coating speed. With the increasing of coating speed, ink penetration depth declined and ink penetration uniformity increased. It could be concluded that the coated paper with high coating speed compared with low coating speed resulted in lower ink usage and better printability on the condition of same print density.

Abstract: The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of coating solid on surface properties and ink penetration and to characterize the penetration depth through quantitative analysis by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Fluorescent ink was used to observe and characterize ink penetration and distribution by LSCM. The results implied that the surface properties of coated paper could be adjusted and improved by increasing the coating solid. With the increasing of coating solid, ink penetration depth declined and ink penetration uniformity increased. It could be concluded that the coated paper with high coating solid compared with low coating solid resulted in lower ink usage and better printability on the condition of same print density.

Abstract: The ink penetration behavior depends on the coating surface structure and surface properties of the coating layer in the papermaking process, which include coating recipes and coating conditions, etc. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the relationship between binder content and ink absorption using laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Fluorescent ink was used to observe and characterize ink penetration and distribution in coated paper by LSCM. The results indicated that higher binder content could result in higher amount ink absorption. With the increasing of binder content, ink penetration depth in coated paper increased. Sample G2 with 20 parts binder produced the most unevenness ink distribution. It could be concluded that the coated paper with 25 parts binder compared with the other samples resulted in higher ink usage and better printing quality.

Abstract: Perovskite-structure La0.7Sr0.3Cr0.5Mn0.5O3-δanode powder was prepared by glycine nitrate process. The result of characterization indicated that the pore morphology and mechanical property of anode support pellets using starch as pore-forming agent are superior to that of using activated carbon. The maximum value of porosity and specific surface area are 40%, 1.256m2/mg at 10MPa, respectively. The conductive mechanism is small-polaron conductive mechanism at low temperature, but it is metalloid conductive mechanism at high temperature.